区域产业投资策略与区域产业结构趋同：锦标赛机制的视角

通过对地方官员晋升锦标赛进行建模,分析了各地区产业结构趋同的深层次原因。以经济绩效为主要标准的地方官员晋升选拔机制,直接影响各个互为竞争地区的地方官员的产业投资策略选择,进而导致区域产业结构趋同。模型结果显示,当两地区初始绩效无差异时,产业结构必然趋同。当初始绩效存在差异时,以两地区高利润产业绩效之间相关系数的临界值1/2为分界点：小于等于1/2时,区域产业结构必然趋同;大于1/2时,产业结构是否趋同则受初始绩效差异、高利润产业期望绩效与落后区域比较优势产业绩效差值以及两区域选择高利润产业的绩效相关系数三者间关系的影响。该相关系数可能代表着两区域所投资的同一产业内不同产品间的替代或互补关系。不能仅因产业投资方向上的趋同就认为产业结构存在严重趋同,还需要对产品结构是否趋同进行分析研判。     

环渤海地区产业结构趋同的实证研究

利用产业结构相似系数,从三次产业结构、工业内部结构以及主要工业产品三个不同的层面上对环渤海地区“三省两市”的产业结构进行实证分析之后发现,环渤海地区的省市间只在三次产业机构这样的宏观层面上具有较高的相似系数,而在工业内部以及主要工业产品上相似水平大大降低。因此环渤海地区产业结构间只有一定程度的趋同。不存在严重的产业同构现象,并且这种趋同现象有其内在的必然性。     

2002—2011年中国新型城市化空间格局与收敛性分析

根据新型城市化的内涵,从经济、社会、生态、城乡和城市现代等方面,构建中国新型城市化综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法,对2002—2011年中国31个省份进行测评。同时,运用空间分析工具和计量模型,考察了中国新型城市化水平的空间格局和收敛性。结果显示:1全国新型城市化水平呈现逐年上升的趋势,但东部、中部和西部的整体水平差异较大。2在空间格局分析上,各省域新型城市化水平在空间上存在显著的正相关,地域总体格局呈现三级梯度分布的趋势;新型城市化主要是靠长三角和珠三角两大城市群拉动的。3在收敛分析上,新型城市化存在显著的收敛性,应用合理空间模型(SEM)能加快收敛的时间。4在收敛检验方面,引入变量大大提高了模型的拟合程度,并且城镇人口比重最大。研究认为,要加强户籍制度改革,破除城乡二元结构,推动中国城市化健康发展。     

The convergence of least squares learning in stochastic temporary equilibrium models

Summary. This paper provides conditions for the almost sure convergence of the least squares learning rule in a stochastic temporary equilibrium model, where regressions are performed on the past values of the endogenous state variable. In contrast to earlier studies, (Evans and Honkapohja, 1998; Marcent and Sargent, 1989), which were local analyses, the dynamics are studied from a global viewpoint, which allows one to obtain an almost sure convergence result without employing projection facilities. Received: April 7, 2001; revised version: September 5, 2001     

Decomposing productivity patterns in a conditional convergence framework

In this study we examine regional data on per worker GDP, disaggregated at sectoral level, by focusing our interest on the role of differences in the sectoral composition of activities, and in productivity gaps that are uniform across sectors, in explaining the catching-up process, which is realized through physical and human capital as well as technological knowledge accumulation. Our objective is to investigate how much of the interregional inequality in aggregate productivity per worker is imputable to each component. A methodology for identifying and analyzing sources of inequality from a decomposed perspective is developed in the growth framework by combining a shift-share based technique and a SUR model specification for the conditional-convergence analysis. The proposed approach is employed to analyze aggregate interregional inequality of per worker productivity levels in Italy over the period 1970–2000. With respect to the existing empirical results, our approach provides a more comprehensive and detailed examination of the contribution of each identified component in explaining the regional productivity gaps in Italy. It is argued that region-specific productivity differentials, uniform across sectors, explain a quite large share of differences in productivity per worker. However, sectoral composition plays a non negligible role, although decreasing since the end of 1980s, and very different productivity patterns emerge within geographical areas.

Employment and wage practices of Japanese firms in the Philippines: convergence with Filipino-Chinese and Western-owned firms

In foreign-owned Philippine firms, human resource approaches and practices tend to converge. Japanese-owned firms localize their human resource practices by emphasizing local standards and practices in compensation, hiring, recruitment, job assignments and the like. On the other hand, Western-owned firms tend to adopt well-known Japanese style practices. Filipino-Chinese-owned firms tend to be traditional, emphasizing both informal and hierarchical control mechanisms which put a premium upon loyalty and trust, through familistic, informal but hierarchical control mechanisms. As the owners of these firms pass on control to the next generation, they tend to hire professional managers. These managers include younger generation Filipino-Chinese educated abroad. They are torn between the rational, and traditional norms and practices insisted upon by their Confucian-oriented elders, and the demands of a competitive and ever-changing technology and economy.

It is quite meaningless to attach adjectives like ‘Japanese’, ‘Filipino-Chinese’ or ‘Western’ to universal concepts like industrial relations and human resource approaches - the search for the best approach in work relations is beyond the issue of convergence or divergence.     

梯形明渠正常水深和临界水深的迭代计算法

图解法和试算法是计算正常水深和临界水深通常采用的方法,但计算精度欠佳且计算步骤繁杂。文章提出了一个新的迭代方程用于上述2种水深的计算,并用代数方法严格地证明了该方程具有收敛性。     

中国上市公司研发效率及其影响因素分析——基于2007—2014年中国上市公司的经验数据

基于2007—2014年中国深沪上市公司的非平衡面板数据,构建DEA模型测度了上市公司的研发效率,从时间和空间维度分析了其收敛性,并考察了人才结构、专利保护程度和全球化战略对上市公司研发效率的影响。结果表明:东部地区上市公司的研发效率优于中、西部地区的上市公司,但后者有追赶前者的趋势;在上市公司研发效率的影响因素中,专利保护程度以及上市公司全球化战略与研发效率之间存在显著的正相关关系;大专以上学历与上市公司研发效率之间存在显著的正相关关系,而大专以下学历与上市公司研发效率之间存在不显著的负相关关系。     

Is external research assessment associated with convergence or divergence of research quality across universities and disciplines? Evidence from the PBRF process in New Zealand

ABSTRACT

Performance-based research evaluations have been adopted in several countries both to measure research quality in higher education institutions and as a basis for the allocation of funding across institutions. Much attention has been given to evaluating whether such schemes have increased the quality and quantity of research. This paper examines whether the introduction of the New Zealand Performance-Based Research Fund process produced convergence or divergence in measured research quality across universities and disciplines between the 2003 and 2012 assessments. Two convergence measures are obtained. One, referred to as β-convergence, relates to the relationship between changes in average quality and the initial quality level. The second concept, referred to as σ-convergence, relates to the changes in the dispersion in average research quality over time. Average quality scores by discipline and university were obtained from individual researcher data, revealing substantial β- and σ-convergence in research quality over the period. The hypothesis of uniform rates of convergence across almost all universities and disciplines is supported. The results provide insights into the incentives created by performance-based funding schemes.     

Autocatalytic Growth and Development and the South-North Convergence

Abstract:

This article engages with the issue of income convergence between North and South by using the autocatalytic hypothesis of growth and development. Two system models describe positive and negative feedback loops which govern economic flows between North and South. The analysis of endogenous and exogenous negative feedbacks points to the process that would slowly push the world economy towards vanishing growth rates and, eventually, halt its material growth. The present work rejects convergence in per capita GDP between North and South from the theoretical perspective. Such an outcome would stand against one of the fundamental properties of autocatalytic dynamics—centripetality— that has its causal roots in the competitive process and capitalist institutions. In that sense, the autocatalytic hypothesis provides a theoretical explanation for those empirical analyses that dismisses convergence.