On credit and output: Is the supply of credit relevant?

The consensus that changes in the supply of credit were irrelevant to making monetary policy decisions existed among macroeconomists during the second half of the twentieth century. Transmission of shocks to the real economy through changes in the supply of credit, however, played an important role in the recent U.S. financial crisis. This paper explores the extent to which policymakers should consider changes in the supply of credit when making forecasts and monetary policy decisions. More specifically, it considers whether a measure of real credit balances offers consistent and stable information, beyond that of a real interest rate and real money balances, about future output gaps during the U.S. post-war era. Results yield evidence that changes in real credit balances are the only variable, among those considered, to provide consistent and stable information about future output gaps over the entire sample period. Each information variable, however, provides relatively little value added for forecasting future output gaps, beyond a simple autoregressive model. To improve upon forecasts and monetary policy decisions, policymakers therefore should consider a broader range of information variables and occasionally reassess the relative weightings assigned to each.     

涟钢一炼轧厂超低碳钢的生产优化实践

涟钢一炼轧厂为提高超低碳钢冶炼水平,合理控制转炉出钢碳含量及氧含量,优化并准确控制真空处理工艺参数,使用低碳原材料,逐步提高了超低碳钢碳的控制合格率。     

基于多元统计分析的封闭式基金业绩评价

本文引入在险价值(VaR)和基金折价率指标,利用因子分析和聚类分析方法对基金业绩进行综合评价。实证分析发现我国封闭式基金收益率优于市场收益率,少数几只基金业绩相对突出,实现低风险高收益的目标。但封闭式基金折价幅度较大,基金内部收益水平与外部评价状况背离,反映了市场投资者的投资非理性现象。     

我国跨境短期资本流动的成因结构分析：2005～2008——一个基于VAR模型的实证研究

本文利用2005年7月以来的月度统计数据,通过基于VAR模型的脉冲响应分析和方差分解分析,从实证意义上验证了国内汇率、利率、房地产市场和股票市场对跨境短期资本流动的现实影响作用,且诸变量中,以汇率和地产价格的影响力为相对最强。据此本文认为,为了有效应对短期资本跨境流动的问题,今后一个阶段,应合理引导汇率预期并努力维持房地产价格的相对稳定。     

宏观经济变化对利率期限结构的影响机制研究

利率期限结构的变化受到各种宏观经济因素的影响,本文通过建立结构VAR模型,发现宏观经济冲击对不同期限利率水平产生显著影响,但不同冲击产生的影响不同;水平、倾斜和曲度3个因素可以解释90%以上的利率曲线变化,但水平因素的解释能力与成熟市场相比较弱;利用脉冲反应和方差分解,发现实际经济变化主导着利率的倾斜因素和曲度因素的变化,而货币政策是影响利率水平因素变化的主要原因,对其他因素的影响较弱,这一点与发达国家的成熟市场存在较大差别。     

中国环境关税体系建立的初步构想

环境关税体现了关税的环境保护职能,而且完全符合WTO的原则。目前,美国和OECD成员国等都已成功实施了环境关税措施。然而,中国还没有将环境保护作为一种指导思想贯穿到整个关税制度改革中。本文在简要介绍国外环境关税的实施现状和分析中国建立环境关税体系必要性的基础上,借鉴国外的成功经验,并结合中国的实际情况,提出了建立中国环境关税体系的初步构想。     

当前中国出口退税率调整对出口额的影响研究

随着全球经济的复苏,今年第一季度中国对外贸易恢复性增长势头良好。以中国为应对2008年金融危机造成的出口下滑,国家再度提高出口退税率作为研究背景。通过对出口退税率和出口额关系进行回归分析,得出出口退税率对出口额影响显著,以评价出口退税政策的客观效果。然而,强化提高劳动密集型产业的退税率,不利于中国出口产业结构的调整,而且退税率频繁变动,会干扰企业正常的经营决策。进而提出建立合理的、较为稳定的退税制度,促进中国经济增长方式转变和产业结构的升级,实现党中央可持续性发展的战略方针。     

Evaluation of the green technology innovation efficiency of China's manufacturing industries: DEA window analysis with ideal window width

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) window analysis with ideal window width is applied to evaluate the green technology innovation efficiency of 28 manufacturing industries in China during 2006–2014. The obtained results are compared with those calculated using the traditional DEA model, and convergence analysis of the efficiency is conducted. Five years is the obtained ideal window width and DEA window analysis with ideal window produces results closer to reality for China's manufacturing industry. The overall efficiency of the green technology innovation in the manufacturing sector is low following a wave-shaped curve – first decreasing, then increasing and decreasing again, with large inter-industrial differences. There are 8 high-, 14 medium- and 6 low-efficiency industries. A convergence trend in the green technology innovation efficiency within the 28 manufacturing industries exists, implying a catch-up effect between them.     

市场集中与空间集聚:现代产业组织演进的两条基本路径

市场集中和空间集聚作为现代产业组织演进的两条基本路径,分别从企业内部与企业之间推动产业组织形态的调整与演进。在工业化发展的不同历史时期,二者在产业组织体系中所处的地位与所起的作用是不同的。二者在功能上不能完全互为替代,在发展趋势上呈现相互融合、功能互补的态势。在我国的现阶段,产业的市场集中和空间集聚都有待于得到进一步的发展和壮大。与此同时,应采取积极有效的途径,实现二者的融合发展。     

产业政策目标指向型城市人口规模研究

在分析影响城市人口发展因素的基础上,以义乌市为例,从劳动生产率、产业结构变化、高贡献率行业三方面论证了政策变动因素与城市人口发展的关系,提出产业政策目标指向型城市人口规模计算的研究框架和计算步骤。