Technology sourcing and outward FDI: A study of IT industry in India

Dunning’s eclectic or the OLI framework suggests that MNCs exist and grow due to possession of ownership (O) advantages consisting of the tangible and intangible assets of the firm (including technology); location (L) advantages consisting of production factors such as transportation, infrastructure, and human and natural resources available in the host country; and internalisation (I) advantages owing to firm’s competitive advantage in producing internally rather than selling or licensing technologies to others. There are several studies that have analysed MNCs of developed country origin from the perspective of both developed (home) and other developed or developing (host) countries. Recently, however, MNCs from developing countries are also making their presence felt in the world. Yet, there are hardly any studies that analyse MNCs of developing country origin.Using data on 130 firms from the high-tech Information Technology (IT) industry of India, we investigate whether ownership advantages (O), as proposed in the eclectic theory, holds true for the presence of MNCs from developing countries. Specifically, we analyse whether firm-specific technological advantages generated through differential technology sourcing at home (India) are important in determining inter-firm differences in the decision to invest abroad. The technological sources considered are in-house R&D efforts, import of designs, drawing and blueprints, and import of capital goods. The study reveals that in-house R&D efforts are indeed important for the firms to invest abroad. Size and export intensity of the firm also influence the decision of the firm to invest abroad. The study recommends a proper innovation and resource management strategy for developing country firms for efficient allocation of resources, technology sourcing, and technology assimilation.     

浅论推进文化改革发展的重要性紧迫性

面对大发展大变革大调整的世界格局,面对各种思想文化更加频繁的交流交融交锋,我国必须增强国家文化软实力,推进中国特色社会主义文化建设,已经成为实现中华民族伟大复兴不容延缓的战略任务。     

我国现阶段劳动收入“陷阱”分析

本文从我国现阶段劳动收入的内部性不经济和外部性不经济两个方面讨论了我国现阶段劳动收入“陷阱”的特点和成因。我国现阶段劳动收入“陷阱”导致了市场失灵 ,从而严重抑制了私人部门的投资和消费 ,也严重抑制了中央政府实行积极的财政政策和适度的货币政策所预期达到的效果。额外付费造成了高昂的市场进入成本 ,导致市场效率低下。经济剩余大量地被无偿占有 ,极大地降低了私人部门的投资积极性。劳动者收入普遍低下 ,尤其是农村居民收入极为低下 ,导致私人部门的购买力严重不足和民间信用不高。针对我国现阶段劳动收入“陷阱”存在的现实状况 ,作者进一步提供了建议和决策参考。     

浅析日本新《旅行社法》的特点

近年来日本旅行社业经营环境发生很大变化，表现在旅游者开始对旅游价格敏感，对差异性旅游产品需求旺盛，旅游电子商务使住宿业和旅游运输业的直销能力增强等方面。2003年，日本政府开始实施观光立国战略，争取在2010年实现吸引1000万入境旅游者来日本观光旅游的战略目标，对日本旅行社业提出更高的要求。为适应新环境，促进观光立国战略目标的实现，日本政府2005年4月1日开始实施新《旅行社法》。新《旅行社法》在旅行社业分类标准、旅程管理制度、营业保证金制度等方面做出了比较大的修订，将促进日本旅行社业的健康发展。     

反倾销法中的非市场经济问题

我国许多出口商品已成为反倾销措施的主要目标，其根本原因是由于中国被视为“非市场经济国家”，在产品出口时遭受到不公平的歧视待遇。美国和欧盟对“非市场经济国家” 认定的标准以及对非市场经济国家出口产品正常价值的确定方法其中存在诸多问题和不合理之处，根据中国在非市场经济问题上所处的地位必须采取相应对策。     

品牌来源国和产品制造国对消费者产品质量评价和购买意愿的影响

This research explores the different effects of brand origin country and made-in country on consumers’ product evaluations and purchase intention. It is found that made-in cues have significant impacts on quality evaluation while brand origin cues influence purchase intention more prominently. Product quality is perceived lower when a brand from developed country is manufactured in developing countries, however, this may not affect consumers’ purchase intentions.      

珠三角地区社会主义新农村建设思路探讨

三农问题一直是我们国家现代化建设的关键性问题。改革开放以来,我国的农村建设取得了很大的成就,尤其是珠三角地区的农村,依靠优越的地理位置和国家的优惠政策迅速地发展起来,但是,目前它们大都遇到了继续发展的瓶颈。针对最近中央在十六届五中全会上作出的建设社会主义新农村的重大战略决策,本文对珠三角地区在新形势下如何建设社会主义新农村提供了几点建议。