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161.
162.
热电联产集中供热是节约能源、减少环境污染的重要措施之一.目前我国热电联产集中供热的发展机遇和挑战共存,应发挥热电联产的优势,推动城市集中供热的发展. 相似文献
163.
On a clear day you might see an environmental Kuznets curve 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We shed some new light on the Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and show how it can be viewed as a particular form of equilibrium
relationship, where technology and preference parameters determine the shape of the curve. In contrast to most of the literature
on the EKC, we estimate a theoretically consistent model on long-run data (Swedish sulfur emission, covering the period 1900–2002).
Furthermore, we test and date structural change. The model suggests four regimes, 1900–1918, 1919–1933, 1934–1967 and 1968–2002,
generating four rather different patterns for pollution over time. The policy-conclusions are consonant with Pearce’s general
view about the EKC: there is no theoretical presumption that it has an inverted U shape, nor should any country try to “grow
out of the environmental problems” without analyzing the benefits and costs of so doing. 相似文献
164.
Ben?GroomEmail author Cameron?Hepburn Phoebe?Koundouri David?Pearce 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2005,32(4):445-493
The last few years have witnessed important advances in our understanding of time preference and social discounting. In particular, several rationales for the use of time-varying social discount rates have emerged. These rationales range from the ad hoc to the formal, with some founded solely in economic theory while others reflect principles of intergenerational equity. While these advances are to be applauded, the practitioner is left with a confusing array of rationales and the sense that almost any discount rate can be justified. This paper draws together these different strands and provides a critical review of past and present contributions to this literature. In addition to this we highlight some of the problems with employing DDRs in the decision-making process, the most pressing of which may be time inconsistency. We clarify their practical implications, and potential pitfalls, of the more credible rationales and argue that some approaches popular in environmental economics literature are ill-conceived. Finally, we illustrate the impact of different approaches by examining global warming and nuclear power investment. This includes an application and extension of Newell and Pizer [‘Discounting the benefits of climate change mitigation : how much do uncertain rates increase valuations?’ Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 46 (2003) 52] to UK interest rate data. 相似文献
165.
Risk and Capital Structure in the Regulated Firm 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper studies the role of capital structure in a regulated firm. We show that it affects the prices set by the regulator, the expected price being lower the higher the proportion of debt finance. However, when debt is increased beyond a certain level, the benefit of lower expected prices is offset by their increased variability. We also study the socially preferred capital structure. This is such that consumers carry some risk, in the form of higher prices in adverse economic conditions. 相似文献
166.
The banking systems of emerging economies in general and India in particular are facing sustained impairment due to mounting non-performing assets (NPAs). In the absence of stringent policies and their implementation, the results will be detrimental and may eventually lead to an economic crisis. Thus, it is imperative to unearth the causal factors and mitigate the risks involved with rising NPAs. The study attempts to identify the determinants of NPAs from the existing literature and subsequently, explore the interlinkages between the identified factors. A model of these factors is developed using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and MICMAC approach. Key managerial insights were obtained by the suggested model, specific to the Indian context. The hierarchical model provides a clearer perspective about the relationship between the factors and suggests that economic conditions and political factors are the key drivers which impact the ownership pattern and adherence to the regulatory framework; these further impact the internal factors related to the banks and borrowers’ capacity to repay. The study will act as a scaffolding for policymakers and bankers. Based on these findings, better instruments and mechanisms for recovery/management of NPAs can be put in place. 相似文献
167.
Mireille?Chiroleu-AssoulineEmail author Mouez?Fodha 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2005,31(4):389-403
This paper analyzes the double dividend and distributional issues within an overlapping generations model framework with involuntary unemployment. We characterize the necessary conditions needed to obtain a double dividend, when the revenue of the environmental tax is recycled by a variation of the labor tax rate. We show that an employment dividend may occur without any efficiency dividend and that the young generation is not always harmed by the fiscal reform, even without any intergenerational transfers. Therefore, three dividends (environmental, efficiency and intergenerational equity) can occur simultaneously. 相似文献
168.
We examine the effects of public ownership and regulatory agency independence on regulatory outcomes in EU telecommunications.
Specifically, we study regulated interconnect rates paid by entrants to incumbents. We find that public ownership of the incumbent
positively affects these interconnect rates, and suggest that governments influence regulatory outcomes in favor of incumbents
in which they are substantially invested. However, we also find that the presence of institutional features enhancing regulatory
independence from the government mitigates this effect. In order to study regulatory independence, we introduce a new cross-country
time-series database—the European Union Regulatory Institutions (EURI) Database. This database describes the development of
institutions bearing on regulatory independence and quality in telecommunications in the 15 founding EU member states from
1997 to 2003
*We thank Laurent Pipitone for superb research assistance. Geoff Edwards thanks the Sasakawa Foundation and the Institute
of Management, Innovation and Organization at the Haas School of Business for generous financial assistance, and London Business
School for non-financial support. Leonard Waverman thanks the Global Communications Consortium for support 相似文献
169.
Beniamina Buzzo Margari Fabrizio Erbetta Carmelo Petraglia Massimiliano Piacenza 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》2007,32(2):131-151
This paper assesses the impact of regulatory and environmental factors and statistical noise on the efficiency of public transit
systems within a DEA-based framework. Using a panel of Italian companies, we implement a DEA-SFA mixed approach based on [H.O.
Fried et al. (2002) Journal of Productivity Analysis, 17(1–2), 157–174] to decompose DEA inefficiency measures into three components: exogenous effects, managerial inefficiency and
stochastic events. Besides providing evidence on the determinants of input-specific efficiency differentials across companies,
the results point out that managerial skills play a minor role, and emphasize the relevance of regulatory policies aimed at
replacing cost-plus subsidization with high-powered incentive contracts as well as improving environmental conditions of public
transit networks.
相似文献
170.