劳动力流动、人口经济弹性与空间经济差异研究——我国东、中、西部动态面板数据模型的对比分析

利用我国31个省份1997年～2009年的人口总抚养负担系数、从业人员比重以度地区生产总值数据,构建省际面板数据模型,分析总人口中不同年龄阶段的人口对经济的影响.鉴于我国地区经济发展水平不平衡的现状,分别对东部12省、中部9省以及西部10省的人口弹性进行了研究,结果表明不同地区的人口弹性明显不同.未来一段时期,如何更好地引导劳动力流向中西部区域,是促使经济均衡增长、产业顺利转移、解决结构性失业等问题的关键所在.     

Product–market flexibility and capital structure

Many companies have the ability to adjust their product's price and/or quantity in response to changes in the marketplace. We show that this product–market flexibility or market power, hitherto ignored in the contingent-claim modeling literature, can potentially have a significant effect on the corporate capital structure decision. When the firm is operating at full capacity, product–market flexibility is not important, hence market power has a negligible effect on optimal capital structure. However, when operating below capacity, product–market flexibility becomes important and market power has, in general, a positive effect on optimal debt level and optimal leverage ratio. This is consistent with available empirical evidence. Numerical results indicate that the effect of product–market flexibility on optimal debt level and optimal leverage ratio can potentially be large enough to be economically significant, hence it should not be ignored as a determinant of capital structure.     

On the investment–uncertainty relationship: A game theoretic real option approach

This paper examines the effect of uncertainty on investment timing in a game theoretic real option model. We extend the settings of the related recent literature on investment timing under uncertainty by a more general assumption, i.e. the investment is also influenced by the actions of a second player. The results show that a U-shaped investment–uncertainty relationship generally sustains even for infinite-lived investment projects and proper defined cash flows. However, timing of an investment occurs inefficiently late. Moreover, we show that the influence of uncertainty on the associated first-mover advantage becomes ambiguous, too.     

How flexible are real wages in EU countries? A panel investigation

We estimate the degree of real wage flexibility in 19 EU countries in a wage Phillips curve panel framework. We find evidence for a reaction of wage growth to unemployment and productivity growth. The degree of real wage flexibility tends to be larger in the central and eastern European (CEE) countries than in the euro area; weaker in downturns than during upswings. There exists an inflation threshold, below which real wage flexibility is low. We also find that a part of the heterogeneity in real wage flexibility and unemployment may be related to differences in the wage bargaining institutions.     

汇率变动对我国物价水平不完全传递的原因分析

人民币的升值并没有成为控制物价上涨的主要经济手段,这种现象与理论不符。本文通过国内外学者关于汇率变动对于物价水平不完全传递原因的总结归纳,结合我国实际的经济状态,总结了汇率变动对于物价水平不完全传递的基本原因并进行分析,分析得出,我们应该适时适量地增强汇率弹性,这样就会在很大程度上改善政策调节物价水平的有效性;另外,我们应采取鼓励进口等措施,这样在很大程度上改善对物价的控制水平;目前,我国经济市场上仍以政策经济为主,政府只有全面地利用各种政策,做到及时得进行调节,才能保证各个政策相互促进地发挥积极的作用,达到理想的政策目标。     

Additive representation for preferences over menus in finite choice settings

This paper obtains an additive representation for preferences over subsets of a finite set relaxing the two substantive axioms in Kreps (1979) flexibility theorem. The result implies that the lottery structure and assumptions employed by Dekel, Lipman and Rustichini (2001) to identify the subjective state-space do not introduce extraneous restrictions on deterministic choice behavior. This property does not necessarily hold when additional axioms are imposed.     

Stochastic endogenous time preference

Preference for flexibility arises inherently in sequential decision making. However, a majority of the literature has limitations to capture a changing preference for flexibility across time in the sense that such an attitude is independent of past actions. This study incorporates the histories of past actions into an infinite-horizon extension of Dekel et al. (2001) and models a decision maker whose attitude toward flexibility evolves over time from the uncertainty of future time preference or discount factors. Moreover, we provide behavioral comparisons of the degree of patience across different histories and characterize the shift of subjective beliefs about discount factors in the sense of an increasing convex and concave stochastic order.     

Airports’ role as logistics centers in humanitarian supply chains: A surge capacity management perspective

The purpose of this study is to investigate the key factors of airport logistics surge capacity and the relationships between these elements. The findings show that successful airport surge capacity management is closely related to prioritizing the flights and operational activities; considering the influx of local people to airports and local infrastructure capacity in the planning phase; developing suitable methods to encourage people to take part in surge operations; providing uninterrupted communication in and out of airport. In view of the above-stated findings this study suggests that airports can meet the surge demand through systematic capacity planning of the existing and additional human, supply, system and space elements by considering experienced or anticipated capacity shortages in disaster conditions.     

Perceived versus actual value of product substitution flexibility: An experimental investigation

Prior literature suggests that in the presence of operational uncertainties such as uncertain demand, firms should deploy operational flexibilities. However, these flexibilities are costly to develop and a correct valuation of these capabilities is necessary to ensure that they are only deployed when the expected benefits exceed the cost. Using a set of behavioral decision-making experiments for inventory of substitutable products, we investigate how decision-makers perform when estimating the value of operational flexibility of product substitution. We found that subjects consistently overestimated the monetary value of product substitution. Furthermore, the overestimation became more acute as demand correlation increased. This behavior is not explained by risk aversion or random errors. Instead, it appears to be driven by fundamental and systematic behavioral biases when estimating the conjunctive probability of substitution. We suggest and validate a decomposition-based approach to mitigate this overestimation.