The impact of a biased starting position in a single negotiation text type mediation

This article examines whether a biased starting position impacts the outcome of negotiations using a Single Negotiating Text (SNT) (Raiffa 1982) type, two-party mediation. Two separate experiments were conducted, one in Helsinki and one in New Mexico, that systematically tested this issue and related questions. The article argues that, if a biased starting point is not compensated for by the path taken in subsequent steps, the bias will have considerable impact on the final outcome of the negotiations. In both experiments, the mediator played a very insignificant role, since the bias was incorporated into the text prior to the initiation of the exercise. In actuality, the experimenter played the role of the mediator, but only facilitated an exchange of information between the parties. The results of our experiments strongly support the hypothesis that such bias has a significant impact on the outcome of the negotiations. The article concludes by presenting suggestions for developing starting SNTs.     

四川物流业在地区经济中的嵌入性研究

介绍了嵌入性理论,并分别从结构嵌入性和关系嵌入性阐述了物流企业在经济中的嵌入性.通过投入产出方法和回归模型分析了四川省物流业在农业、工业和第三产业的嵌入性程度.结果表明,四川省物流业在经济中的嵌入性低于全国平均水平.指出四川省应当加强物流业与经济的嵌入性,充分发挥物流业对经济的促进效应.     

Flexbility and skills in small enterprises

On the basis of empirical qualitative studies, the question of skills and demanded skills and qualifications of technical SMEs are discussed. The differences in the specific technical skills demanded for handling the flexibility to new products and new technology in the workshop are very different from the definition of skills outside what is considered the core skills of the firm, e.g. skills to deal with managing growth of the firm or administrative information technology. In these latter issues, the professional evaluation of skills is replaced by personal trust.

In technical SMEs in Denmark the owners demand a high level of skills of skilled labourers, not only in specific technical terms but also in terms of independence, responsibility and adjustment to new tasks and technology. These are aspects not focused upon in the educations and competences and more often associated to management skills than to ‘standard skills’ of the skilled labour.     

山东省城镇居民文化消费分析

文化的发展对提高民族素质、促进经济发展起着重要作用。山东省城镇居民的文化消费情况,是要利用两类计量经济学模型来分析居民的文化消费意愿以及影响因素。研究结果表明,山东省城镇居民对文化生活十分重视,而居民收入对文化消费的影响是巨大的。     

Relating strategy and structure to flexible automation: A test of fit and performance implications

This study analyzed various strategy and structure choices to determine their fit relationship with flexible automation (FA). ¹Using the moderator hypothesis, we proposed that the more strategy and structure choices complemented FA's competences, the higher would be the performance impact of FA. Data from 87 FA users indicate that quality and flexibility strategies, described as complementary to FA's strengths, interact positively with FA. Low cost strategy, described as conflicting with FA, interacts negatively. Organic structure, viewed as complementary to FA, has only main effects whereas a mechanistic structure interacts negatively. At the manufacturing level, skill diversity and team approaches, considered as complementary to FA, interact positively. While a subgroup analysis of high-low performers lends additional support to these relationships, analysis of industry subgroups indicates that some relationships are industry specific. We discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice.     

圆形筒仓仓壁小变形条件下的变形及应力分析

本文对用以贮存散体物料的圆形筒仓的仓壁变形和应力分布进行了分析。假定贮料对仓壁的压力和摩擦力按照公式分布。在小变形条件下根据有矩理论给出了筒仓仓壁径向位移和应力的分布解答。     

实物期权方法在投资项目评估中的运用

本文介绍了投资评估的实物期权方法,着重分析运用该方法的一般程序以及应该注意的问题。给出了评估方法选择以及期权类型的评判标准,分析了确定期权参数时应注意的问题。文章重点在于实物期权的实际运用,具有一定的现实意义。     

论“和谐”理念对新时期人力资源管理的启示

"和谐"理念体现了当代社会对"以人为本"思想更深层次的认识和要求,对当前的人资源开发与管理具有重要的指导意义。这要求我们在人力资源管理中科学认识人的本质,坚持以人为本的基本原则,以社会伦理为价值尺度,在人力资源管理中实行柔性管理。     

循环经济产业链柔性评价指标体系研究

为了实现对循环经济稳定性的定量评价,文章对循环经济产业链柔性进行了系统研究,建、立了循环经济产业链柔性的评价指标体系和评价方法,并以某铝电企业为例进行了实例计算分析,得出了其柔性度和稳定性等级。     

循环经济柔性发展的系统分析

我国在针对发展循环经济的过程中存在的主要问题,提出了循环经济柔性发展的思想,从系统论的角度对循环经济系统的柔性进行了研究,指出节点柔性和结构柔性分别与系统的动态稳定性和功能实现有关。要以经济——生态——社会系统的综合效益最优为目标,对循环经济系统的有序发展和柔性控制进行深入地探讨。