企业社会责任:国外理论演进及最新文献述评

关于企业承担社会责任，国外学术界主要持有传统经济价值和企业社会责任两大观点。基于企业决策过程完全理性的假设，传统观点认为企业的功能是经济性的，而经济价值是度量企业成功的唯一标准，企业目标就是利润最大化；社会责任观点则明确指出企业要实现利润增加和价值提升，就必须主动承担与相关利益群体相应的社会责任。     

用户需求的发展趋势对产品设计的启示

“以人为本”的设计理念包含绿色设计、人性化设计、个性化设计三大设计趋势,必须与合理的产品结构及功能相协调,一个好的设计应当在用户需求和理性设计中找到平衡点。     

实行分层教学 提高学生英语综合能力

高职学生英语能力弱 ,知识水平参差不齐 ,两极分化现象严重。高职新生的英语水平起点不同 ,学习行为和学习方法不同 ,学生之间的学习能力具有差异。采用相同的教学目标 ,不同的教学手段和要求 ,多管齐下的方法 ,让不同层次学生的英语水平都有所提高。     

坚持“一国两制”喜庆澳门回归

"一国两制"的伟大构想,使香港、澳门回归在中国领土上成为现实,洗雪了中华民族所蒙受的耻辱,标志着殖民统治在中国的终结。这对于振奋民族精神,增强民族凝聚力,把有中国特色社会主义建设事业全面推向21世纪,具有重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义,并为实现祖国完全统一找到了一条根本途径。     

技术独董、经济政策不确定性与企业创新产出

创新产出是企业创新能力的直观体现,也是企业价值创造的源泉。以2008—2017年披露了专利授权信息的中国A股上市公司为样本,研究了独立董事技术专长对企业创新产出的影响。结果显示：（1）技术独立董事显著地促进了企业创新产出,且这种促进作用受到经济政策不确定性的负向调节;（2）技术独立董事是通过提高企业的创新投入来促进企业的创新产出的;（3）技术独立董事兼职席位与企业创新产出呈倒U型关系。根据上述研究结论,企业应当增加技术独立董事的引入并适当限制技术独立董事在其他企业兼职的行为,以充分发挥技术独立董事的创新驱动效应,提高企业创新产出。     

多层与高层建筑中选用塔吊施工的问题研究

随着我国经济的快速发展,国家越来越重视多层与高层建筑建造过程中选用塔吊施工的情况。为了进一步提高建筑工程塔吊施工的质量,需要根据实际情况构建完善的安全管理举措,增强工作人员的基本执行力,将工作一步一步细化到位并落实到每一个人,保障施工人员的生命健康安全,确保该项问题得到社会各级的重视。因此,论文针对多层与高层建筑中选用塔吊施工的问题进行简要分析,并提出合理化建议。     

Noisy chaotic dynamics in commodity markets

The nonlinear testing and modeling of economic and financial time series has increased substantially in recent years, enabling us to better understand market and price behavior, risk and the formation of expectations. Such tests have also been applied to commodity market behavior, providing evidence of heteroskedasticity, chaos, long memory, cyclicity, etc. The present evaluation of futures price behavior confirms that the resulting price movements can be random, suggesting noisy chaotic behavior. Prices could thus follow a mean process that is dynamic chaotic, coupled with a variance that follows a GARCH process. Our conclusion is that models of this type could be constructed to assist in forecasting prices in the short run but not over long run time periods.First version received: June 2001/Final version received: March 2003     

企业高技能型人才培养机制构建新探

随着科学技术的高速发展,我国工业企业高技能型人才出现了严重的短缺现象,应引起有关部门及企业界人士的高度重视.培养大批高级专业技术人才与高级技工人才有利于增强企业的竞争能力,应针对高技能型人才的目前状况,确定相应的培养途径和措施.     

Nonlinear IV unit root tests in panels with cross-sectional dependency

We propose a unit root test for panels with cross-sectional dependency. We allow general dependency structure among the innovations that generate data for each of the cross-sectional units. Each unit may have different sample size, and therefore unbalanced panels are also permitted in our framework. Yet, the test is asymptotically normal, and does not require any tabulation of the critical values. Our test is based on nonlinear IV estimation of the usual augmented Dickey–Fuller type regression for each cross-sectional unit, using as instruments nonlinear transformations of the lagged levels. The actual test statistic is simply defined as a standardized sum of individual IV t-ratios. We show in the paper that such a standardized sum of individual IV t-ratios has limit normal distribution as long as the panels have large individual time series observations and are asymptotically balanced in a very weak sense. We may have the number of cross-sectional units arbitrarily small or large. In particular, the usual sequential asymptotics, upon which most of the available asymptotic theories for panel unit root models heavily rely, are not required. Finite sample performance of our test is examined via a set of simulations, and compared with those of other commonly used panel unit root tests. Our test generally performs better than the existing tests in terms of both finite sample sizes and powers. We apply our nonlinear IV method to test for the purchasing power parity hypothesis in panels.     

A substitution orbit model of competitive innovations

Successful innovation and diffusion of technology can be attributed to the identification of the orbit of emerging new technologies that complement or substitute for existing technologies. This dynamism resembles the co-evolution process in an ecosystem. In an ecosystem, in order to maintain sustainable development, the complex interplay between competition and cooperation, typically observed in predator-prey systems, create a sophisticated balance. Given that an ecosystem can be used as a masterpiece system, this sophisticated balance can provide suggestive ideas for identifying an optimal orbit of competitive innovations with complement or substitution dynamism.Prompted by such a sophisticated balance in an ecosystem, this paper analyzes the optimal orbit of competitive innovations and, on the basis of an application of Lotka-Volterra equations, it reviews substitution orbits of Japan's monochrome to color TV system, fixed telephones to cellular telephones, cellular telephones to mobile Internet access service, and analog to digital TV broadcasting. On the basis of substitution orbits analyses, it attempts to extract suggestions supportive to identifying an optimal policy option in a complex orbit leading to expected orbit.Key findings include policy options that are effective in controlling parameters for Lotka-Volterra equations leading to expected orbit.