外部知识网络嵌入性对企业设计创新绩效的影响机制——以意义创新过程为中介变量

综合运用资源观、嵌入性理论、技术创新等理论,提出外部知识网络嵌入性以解释、想象这一组意义创新过程为中介影响设计创新绩效的概念模型,并提出相关假设。利用来自设计密集型企业的问卷调研数据,使用结构方程模型对研究假设进行了实证检验。研究表明:企业外部知识网络嵌入性通过意义创新过程这一中介显著影响设计创新绩效,且解释和想象过程的中介作用存在差异。     

Effects of structural,relational and cognitive social capital on resource acquisition: a study of entrepreneurs residing in multiply deprived areas

ABSTRACT

Emerging research demonstrates that structural social capital facilitates the resource acquisition of entrepreneurs residing in multiply deprived areas. However, their usage of relational and cognitive social capital that translates to accessible resources is not well understood. We contribute to knowledge and comprehensively examine effects of structural, relational and cognitive social capital taken together on the resource acquisition of entrepreneurs residing in multiply deprived areas. Results from a national survey of entrepreneurs residing in multiply deprived areas across England show that large networks, bonding ties, trust, reciprocity, obligations and expectations, and shared language and codes facilitate their resource acquisition. Also, we demonstrate that they are reluctant or unable to bridge social distance and adopt narrative storytelling. Furthermore, the results indicate that entrepreneurs residing in multiply deprived areas in the most deprived regions suffer from less resource acquisition.     

关于主动离职问题研究的文献综述

离职率高是近年来企业家面临的一个突出问题,员工离职对组织和个人都有很大的影响。很多学者都对离职产生的原因和过程进行了大量的研究,其中大部分学者是以态度因素作为中介变量来解释离职意向的产生,也有一些学者从其他新的视角解释员工离职,如"工作嵌入模型",这些研究可为企业构建预防体系提供有益的启示。     

Retracted: Dynamics of Unclosed Triangles in Alliance Networks: Disappearance of Brokerage Positions and Performance Consequences

We depart from previous research on brokerage advantages in interorganizational networks by shifting focus to the dynamics of brokerage positions. We investigate causes of the disappearance of these positions and its influence on organizational performance. Using a subnetwork consisting of a broker and its two partners as the unit of analysis, we postulate that the brokerage position disappears either when the two partners develop ties or when the ties between the broker and the partners dissolve. We predict that the patterns of interactions in which this subnetwork is embedded exert multilevel influences on the disappearance, and that embedded structures promoting persistence constrain brokerage advantages. Our analysis of codeshare alliance data in the global airline industry supports the theory and demonstrates that the persistence of brokerage positions decreases broker performance. The findings explain why brokerage positions rarely persist and why the persistence of brokerage positions does not benefit brokers.     

Consumer quest for embeddedness: a case study of the Brantford Farmers' Market

Farmers' markets (FMs) in the US, Canada and Britain are often held as one key response to the unsustainability of conventional food production systems, as they provide consumers with a potentially more comprehensive valuation venue for their food purchases. This paper categorizes and examines the range of consumer motivations at the Brantford FM in Ontario, Canada using the concept of embeddedness. Though not a simple concept, embeddedness proves useful for framing non‐economic values sought by consumers at FMs in a way that helps to build our understanding of the context‐specific quality of patron motivations at FMs. In the study, values of social embeddedness (social interaction, knowledge of vendors, etc.) and spatial embeddedness (food freshness, supporting the ‘local’, etc.) emerge as core sets of consumer motivations at this FM, while natural embeddedness values (organic production, ‘food‐miles’ concerns, etc.) are less strongly held. This case study helps advance that specific sets of embedded values are expressed at FMs – consumer motivations partly reflect their historic and situated contexts, while contributing to our understanding of the importance of the embeddedness concept to alternative food system arguments for change.     

网络关系嵌入与管理创新绩效之间的关系——基于知识流入的视角

从知识流入的视角,构建了网络关系嵌入与管理创新绩效之间的关系模型。以我国珠三角地区的民营科技企业为样本,运用结构方程模型,对网络关系嵌入与管理创新绩效的相互影响机制及知识流入的中介作用进行了实证研究。结果表明:网络关系嵌入对知识流入和管理创新绩效均存在显著的正向影响;知识流入在网络关系嵌入与管理创新绩效之间发挥着完全中介作用;加入控制变量——企业规模和研发投入比后,在规模较小的企业中,网络关系嵌入并不能促进知识流入,在规模较大的企业中,研发投入比的增加不能显著提升管理创新绩效。     

嵌入性视角下政策性农业保险的隐忧及其可持续发展

政策性农业保险实施后,政府的财政投入力度不断加大,但政策性农业保险发展的制度基础依然不够稳固,部分农户对农业保险的潜在需求难以持续转化为有效需求。本文从制度的嵌入性视角出发,分析了政策性农业保险长远发展存在的隐忧。研究发现,地方政府缺乏推动政策性农业保险发展的长效激励机制,而农户对农业保险的有效需求不足则与制度嵌入的经济、社会环境有关。论文提出了重塑制度环境促进政策性农业保险可持续发展的具体政策建议。     

Does family employment enhance MSEs performance?: Integrating socioemotional wealth and family embeddedness perspectives

This paper analyzes the effect of family employment on performance in micro and small enterprises (MSEs) by combining two research perspectives that, until now, have been conducted separately: the family embeddedness perspective of entrepreneurship (Aldrich and Cliff, 2003) and the socioemotional wealth (SEW) approach to family business (Gomez-Mejia et al 2007). Our integrated perspective allows us to highlight how the nature of the employment relationships in MSEs enhances the benefits derived from the socioemotional endowment associated with family labor, and reduces the opportunity costs of employing relatives. Moreover, we assert that this relationship is moderated by specific family characteristics that determine the firm's ability to preserve the SEW, while at the same time pursuing financial goals. Our results provide partial support to the enhancing role of family labour on MSEs performance: employing family members increases sales but decreases profitability as measured by ROA. This effect also results in improved performance for women-led firms and for firms that have received family funding, but impairs MSEs performance when the business is the main source of the owner´s household income.     

基于工作嵌入的员工离职模型研究——以工作满意度和组织承诺为中介变量

本文一方面证实在中国文化下工作嵌入的维度和结构,另一方面把工作嵌入分为二维度：工作内嵌入和社区嵌入,研究工作嵌入与工作满意度、组织承诺和员工离职这三个变量之间的关系,阐释变量之间的路径系数关系,并构建基于工作嵌入的员工离职模型。     

网络关系嵌入对高端装备制造业供应链协同能力和绩效的影响研究

文章以航空制造业供应链为代表,利用层次回归分析法,探究网络关系嵌入对高端装备制造业供应链协同能力和绩效的影响及其作用机理。研究的结果表明,网络关系嵌入对供应链协同能力各维度均有着显著的正向促进作用。同时,供应链协同能力中同步决策、产品交付及时可靠以及激励联盟均可以显著提升供应链的运作绩效;虽然激励联盟和供应链的运作绩效对供应链的财务绩效有着直接显著的影响,但是同步决策和产品交付及时可靠则需要通过改善供应链运作绩效间接实现对供应链财务绩效的影响。