陆巷古村缘何留不下洞庭红橘?--乡村旅游地经济作物的传承机制初探

作为陆巷古村的传统经济作物,洞庭红橘有可能成为重要的旅游吸引物,但近年来却大多被枇杷树替代,这会引发对旅游开发与地方文化传承之间互促关系的质疑。文章主要借鉴Polanyi的嵌入-脱嵌理论,结合实地调研,初步探究了陆巷古村洞庭红橘的生产转型过程及其发生机理。研究表明,独特的自然和人文地理环境促使洞庭红橘成为陆巷古村地方特色文化与村民情感的重要载体,这是历史时期经济行为嵌入地方社会系统的具体表现;但改革开放后,农业经济活动逐渐脱离了社会文化系统与主体情感的约束,村民的作物选择行为完全遵循市场逻辑,而洞庭红橘作为旅游吸引物的潜在价值未被激活,因而难以依托传统经济作物的独特优势逃脱被经济效益更高的枇杷树替代的窘境。这也表明,要实现旅游开发与地方文化传承的互促发展,关键在于推动地方文化及其载体的旅游价值变现。由此,陆巷古村洞庭红橘的复兴,重在激活红橘特色文化在提升古村旅游开发质量中的潜在价值,这也是促使农业经济活动在更高层次上重新嵌入地方社会系统的有效路径。研究不仅体现了嵌入-脱嵌理论在传统村落尺度的应用价值,也能为优化乡村旅游地特色资源的传承与保护提供有益的借鉴。     

Does job passion enhance job embeddedness? A moderated mediation model of work engagement and abusive supervision

Academic and industrial attention has been paid to the job embeddedness as an important predictor of employee actual turnover. Studies have examined the influence of job embeddedness as an antecedent, mediator, and moderator. However, there have been few investigations of antecedents of job embeddedness from the perspective of employee characteristics. Therefore, the current study bridged this research gap and investigated the associations among job passion, work engagement, abusive supervision, and job embeddedness. Data from 278 full-time hotel employees indicated that harmonious passion was not associated with job embeddedness. Moreover, obsessive passion shared a positive relationship with job embeddedness. Both harmonious and obsessive passion had an indirect effect on job embeddedness through work engagement. Abusive supervision moderated only the indirect effect of obsessive passion on job embeddedness via work engagement. A new model is proposed based on our findings to explain factors that contribute to job embeddedness.     

网络、资源与竞争优势:一个企业社会学视角下的观点

资源一直是企业获取竞争优势的主要战略因素。本文以“传统资源”为研究起点，刻画了企业行为的社会嵌入性特征，并通过引入“网络资源”这一概念揭示出一个更加全面、以企业网络及其关系资本为背景的资源分析框架，完善地拓展了传统的资源基础论观点。     

Effects of service orientation on job embeddedness in hotel industry

This research aims to develop and analyze a model that depicts work engagement (WE) as a mediator of the relationship between job embeddedness and service orientation. Specifically, the model examines external environmental factors (EEFs) as moderator of the effects of service orientation and job embeddedness in the hospitality industry. All data used for this study were gathered in Iran from hotels frontline employees with a two-weeks’ time lag. These relationships mentioned above were analyzed using AMOS 22.0. It was discovered in the results that WE was indeed a partial mediator and that EEFs indeed moderated the effects of service orientation on job embeddedness with adequate empirical support. The implications of the findings for the managers, the study limitations, and future research recommendations were also discussed.     

Effects of Network Embeddedness on the Relationship Between Environmental Volatility and Interfirm Contracts

Purpose: This study examines the effects of an embedded network on the contractual relationship between exchange parties under conditions reflecting varying levels of environmental volatility and investigates the role of an important network factor—the embedded network—in the contractual relationship between manufacturers and their suppliers.

Methodology: The empirical test was conducted with manufacturing companies in the context of manufacturer–supplier relationships. Construct measures were based on existing measures and previous research. Measurement reliability and validity were established using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and an overall measurement model was assessed with structural equation modeling using LISREL.

Findings: The results of a survey of manufacturers indicate that firms in an embedded network preferred “soft” contracts even when they face volatile environments, whereas those facing volatile environments in a less embedded network preferred “hard” contracts with explicitly specified written requirements. Network partners carefully evaluated embedded networks (a critical factor that has not received enough attention) before forming contractual relationships in a network perceiving interfirm relationships differently.

Originality: The study introduces network embeddedness to explain governance mechanisms in volatile environments and shows that the explicit recognition of embedded network may facilitate the development of contracts with specific provisions as the contractual relationship evolves.     

Beyond Technology Adoption: An Embeddedness Approach to Reduce Medication Errors

Medication errors are causing harm, and even death, to hospital inpatients. These preventable errors occur at the hands of the same individuals who are charged to protect and provide care to patients—health care professionals. While decision support technologies are available to assist health care providers, patients continue to experience incorrect medications, inaccurate doses/rates of medication, duplicate doses, medication interactions, and other medication errors. This article investigates the reasons that health care professionals in hospital environments underutilize medication administration technologies and argues that a fusion view can provide guidance to increase their use. A Fusion Model is developed using the concept of embeddedness, the Technology Acceptance Model, the Task-Technology-Fit Model, and drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted at a modern hospital in the United States. The most important findings of this research are: (1) the concept of embeddedness can be used to study and frame fusion of technology in an environment; (2) four constructs (i.e., task characteristics, technology characteristics, individual use behavior, environmental characteristics) are identified and used to describe system characteristics needed to support medication decisions; and (3) guidance is provided for design and evaluation of decision support technologies for medication administration in hospitals.     

Internationalisation of Japanese professional business service firms

This paper explores the internationalisation of Japanese professional business service (PBS) firms. The UK was chosen as the geographical area of study due to the large number of Japanese foreign direct investments over the last 20 years. A comparative study of Japanese and Western service providers was conducted in the UK in spring 2002 to ascertain if there are any significant differences in their ways of doing business with Japanese clients. The preliminary results show that Japanese firms tend to be very small in the UK in terms of both size and market share. They seem also to be tightly connected with Japanese businesses operating in the UK.     

Entrepreneurial resource acquisition via personal networks: an empirical study of German start-ups

This paper presents a resource-based theoretical model for an extended version of the network success hypothesis. It derives four main hypotheses for the relationships between resources obtained from personal networks of the founders and a new venture's success. The model takes into account a broad range of control variables. In the empirical study, based on a sample of 123 German entrepreneurs, we do not find much support for our hypotheses. We conclude that, quite in contrast to most existing theories, network links have close to no impact on getting cheap or exclusive resources.     

Intermediate units in multinational corporations: A resource dependency view on coordinative versus entrepreneurial roles

Due to the dispersion of headquarters’ activities across organizational and geographical boundaries, intermediate units (IUs) are emerging as a key actor of international business. IUs are intermediate structural layers between headquarters (HQ) and local subsidiaries with specific HQ responsibilities. Our study relies on original data of 67 IUs and, taking on a Resource Dependence approach, explores empirically the two HQ roles attributed to IUs: coordinative versus entrepreneurial. According to our results, the main differences between both roles relate to external network embeddedness, internal network position and autonomy. We argue that these differences arise from the dominant sources of power in each role. These findings have signi?cant relevance for theory development and managerial practice as we provide a starting point for understanding the dispersion of complex HQ systems as well as how those systems are discharged and add value.     

Network embeddedness,headquarters entrepreneurial orientation,and MNE international performance

The aim of this paper is to examine the role played by external and internal network embeddedness in the headquarters entrepreneurial orientation of multinational enterprises (MNEs), and the role of the latter in MNE performance. Drawing on responses from CEOs in a sample of 143 European MNEs, our study offers evidence for the antecedent role of network embeddedness on headquarters entrepreneurial orientation on the one hand, and for the positive impact of headquarters entrepreneurial orientation on international performance on the other. Our findings contribute to the network view of MNEs in the international business and international entrepreneurship literature by disentangling the complex phenomenon of entrepreneurship in MNEs, partly explained by its multiple embeddedness in external and internal networks, and by studying its impact on international performance.