国际金融危机与中国反垄断法实施——以竞争政策与产业政策和贸易政策的关系为视角

我国现在的反垄断政策以新制度经济学派为主导思想,以提高经济效率为主要目标。通过提高经济效率推动社会福利和维护公共利益。中国的竞争政策应当支持垄断竞争和寡头结构,实现规模经济与自由竞争相平衡。中国反垄断法实施的基本原则是以提高经济效率为导向和反垄断法实施与产业政策、贸易政策相协调。把银行业作为适用例外领域有助于加强金融监管和宏观调控。金融危机期间,产业政策应当优先适用,根据反垄断法做出的裁决还应当进行产业政策审查,反垄断法的实施应当为产业政策服务。金融危机过后,反垄断法应当与产业政策法平行适用。反垄断法的两个基本原则（社会整体效率原则和机会均等原则）可以为中国反垄断法的实施提供指导。     

Determinants of violent and property crimes in England and Wales: a panel data analysis

We examine various determinants of property and violent crimes by using police force area level (PFA) data on England and Wales over the period of 1992–2008. Our list of potential determinants includes two law enforcement variables namely crime-specific detection rate and prison population, and various socio-economic variables such as unemployment rate, real earnings, proportion of young people and the Gini Coefficient. By adopting a fixed effect dynamic GMM estimation methodology we attempt to address the potential bias that arises from the presence of time-invariant unobserved characteristics of a PFA and the endogeneity of several regressors. There is a significant positive effect of own-lagged crime rate. The own-lagged effect is stronger for property crime, on an average, than violent crime. We find that, on an average, higher detection rate and prison population leads to lower property and violent crimes. This is robust to various specifications. However, socio-economic variables with the exception of real earnings play a limited role in explaining different crime types.     

Measuring the Economic Effects of Competition Law Enforcement

Summary  Together with a move from a rules-based legal approach to a more economic approach in competition cases, the economic effects of competition law enforcement have received increasing attention. Measuring these effects is important for external accountability of the Competition Authority, for quality control of its decisions and for evaluating the effectiveness of the competition law. This raises many issues in measurement, including the choice of counterfactual, the choice of effects to be measured, and the proper use of available data. The papers in this Special Issue of De Economist discuss these and related issues, based on a broad range of experience in competition law enforcement.      

Limited monitoring and the essentiality of money

Monetary theory emphasizes that imperfect monitoring is necessary for money to be essential, that is, for money to achieve socially desirable allocations. Little is known about how limited monitoring must be if money is to be essential, though. Understanding sufficient conditions for the essentiality of money is important since monitoring is a natural way in which credit is introduced in monetary models. In this paper, we show that money can fail to be essential even if monitoring is quite limited. This indicates that one must be careful when introducing monitoring in monetary models to allow for the coexistence of money and credit.     

Tax enforcement,technology, and the informal sector

Theoretical models of the informal sector mostly assume—or end up with—a positive correlation between a measure of taxes and the size of the informal sector. However, some recent empirical studies associate higher taxes with a smaller informal sector size. In this paper, we build a theoretical framework—an extension to a two-sector growth model—which allows us to unravel the negative correlation between informal sector size and taxes. We find that (a) a higher degree of tax enforcement, (b) a higher productivity of formal sector households, and (c) a lower physical capital depreciation rate make for a negative relation between these variables. Our results suggest that enforcement and technological factors are likely candidates to account for this relationship.     

TRANSACTION COSTS COMPARISON BETWEEN COOPERATIVES AND CONVENTIONAL APPLE PRODUCERS: A CASE STUDY OF NORTHWESTERN CHINA

The study promotes an analytical framework to monetary the transaction costs for the purpose of assessing the different subfields of transaction cost faced by members in cooperatives and non‐cooperatives members, and therefore investigates the role of cooperatives in reducing them using a questionnaire‐based survey in Shaanxi province in China. The quantified result of each transaction cost‐related item suggests that producers can annually save more than a thousand yuan if they participate in cooperatives. Results also highlight that the medium scale producers would be beneficial most from being a member in cooperatives compared with small‐ and large‐scale ones. By implications, supporting programs referring to improve local road condition, access to internet, and subsidize agricultural cooperatives are highly recommended for policy makers.     

谈我国教育行政执法的建设与发展策略

教育行政执法是国家有效管理教育事业的重要手段,是教育行政机关依法行政的主要形式,是贯彻执行有关教育法律法规的根本途径,是促进教育事业全面、协调和可持续发展的可靠保障。本文认真探讨了加强我国教育行政执法的重要性,并提出了一些发展建议。     

美、英、德三国的会计准则执行机制比较及对我国的启示

我们认为有效的会计准则执行是会计目标转化为会计现实的唯一途径。有效的会计准则执行关系到会计准则本身的成败。我们在对美国、英国和德国的会计准则执行机制进行分析的基础上,提出我国的会计准则执行应减少会计选择,控制自由裁量权的使用;权衡会计准则的执行目标,考虑执行成本,充分发挥政府的监管作用;制定严厉的法律制度,提高会计准则执行中社会舆论的监督的地位等政策建议。     

浅谈如何在贫困山区开展消防执法工作

文章结合在贫困山区开展消防监督执法工作的经验,针对标准更高、处罚更严的新《消防法》及其配套法律法规的颁布实行与贫困山区经济发展相对落后、消防基础设施薄弱、单位经营普遍困难、公民法律意识不强之间的矛盾,提出日常加强法律法规宣传、执法时做好思想工作、执法后悉心帮扶、注重部门联动发挥执法最大效力4点对策。     

The Timeliness of Income Recognition by European Companies: An Analysis of Institutional and Market Complexity

This study examines international differences in the asymmetric timeliness of accounting earnings by modelling international exposure to different jurisdictions as a firm-specific effect, using an index of regulatory complexity that relates to conditions in each of the capital markets in which the firm's equity is listed. The companies investigated are those with shares cross-listed on European stock exchanges, some of which are also listed in New York. Variation across jurisdictions and markets with respect to earnings timeliness and conservatism can be explained in part as an interaction of market effects and regulatory effects, with some evidence of opposition between the two, and the sensitivity of earnings to stock price changes shows a common, converging trend towards greater accounting conservatism in Europe.