试论培训工作的素质教育

培训工作的素质教育十分重要,作为培训工作的教师首先要提高素质,这样在施教的过程中,才能提高短期培训学员的素质。通过在培训工作中注重学员的素质教育来达到培训的目的。     

Regulatory Compliance with Costly and Uncertain Litigation

Harrington (1988) and more recent papers by Heyes and Rickman (1999), Livernois and McKenna (1999), and Heyes (1996) have attempted to explain how a relatively large fraction of firms are thought to be in compliance with environmental regulations despite the fact that expected penalties for these violations are deemed rather low. This paper offers an alternative explanation for the interesting paradox by incorporating costly and uncertain litigation.     

执法者的理性自利对消费者福利目标的异化—以美国司法部和FTC执行反垄断法为线索的历史考察

保护和实现消费者福利的最大化是反垄断立法与执法的根本目标所在。但由于公共执行机构出于自利动机，运用反垄断法进行利益寻租，致使反垄断法的执行结果严重偏离了其公益初衷，导致了对消费者福利目标的异化。只有明了执行机构在从事反垄断公务活动中同时追求自身利益，才有可能对此进行限制并相应地改革反垄断执法机构。     

依法行政与公民权利保障

行政权力行使的目的是为了维护公民的合法权益,维护公共秩序。政府行使行政权利过程中的公正执法与公民权利的保障,形成了一种良性的互动关系。     

Environmental Enforcement with Endogenous Ambient Monitoring

We consider an inspection game between n polluting firms and an environmental enforcement agency. If the cost of monitoring ambient pollution is low enough, the optimal inspection policy consists in imposing the maximal possible fine, and mixing between observing ambient pollution and not conducting any inspection at all. However, with stringent upper limits on the fine, the agency mixes between observing ambient pollution and inspecting all firms. The observation of ambient pollution is always followed by sequentially rational firm inspections. Comparisons with Franckx (2002a, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 43, 71–92, 2002b, Topics in Economic Analysis Policy 2(1), Article 1) show that commitment power has a very strong impact on the value of prior information.     

旅游法制系统工程构建初探

阐释了旅游法制系统的涵义,包括旅游立法、旅游执法和旅游守法三个子系统,并以旅游法制的现状为基础分别指出了该如何从立法、执法和守法三个环节采构建旅游法制系统工程。文章还从系统论的角度出发指出旅游法制的构建作为一个系统工程,仅从立法上完善是不够的,系统效能的最大发挥必须建立在各个子系统之间结构均衡的基础上,目前旅游法制的构建,最关键的应该是完善旅游执法环节。     

论我国知识产权行政执法体制改革——美国《优化知识产权资源与组织法案》启示

知识产权执法机构在国家的行政体制中一直饱受坊间责论。美国的《优化知识产权资源与组织法案》对我国知识产权行政执法体制的改革具有启示意义。我国应以第五次行政机构改革为契机,提高知识产权的服务能力,理顺执法职能,采用大部制保证执法一体化,提高与国外政府沟通能力,保护我国海外知识产权,呼应国家知识产权战略。     

Difference in rural and urban driver-injury severities in highway–rail grade crossing accidents

Based on the Federal Railway Administration (FRA) database, there were 25,945 highway–rail crossing accidents in the United States between 2002 and 2011. With an extensive research, analysis results showed that there were substantial differences between rural and urban areas at highway–rail grade crossings. However, there is no published study specific on driver's injury severity at highway–rail grade crossings classified by area types. Using an ordered probit modelling approach, the study explores the determinants of driver-injury severity at rural highway–rail grade crossings compared with urban highway–rail grade crossings. The analysis found that motor vehicle driver's injury level at rural highway–rail grade crossing is extremely higher than urban area. Compared to collisions at urban area, collisions happened at rural area tend to result in more severe injuries. These crashes were more prevalent if vehicle drivers are driving at a high speed or the oncoming trains are high-speed. Moreover, highway–rail grade crossing accidents were more likely to occur at rural area without pavement and lighting.     

Investment with weak contract enforcement: evidence from Hungary during transition

This paper aims to provide empirical evidence relating to theimportance of contract enforcement for development. Survey dataon Hungarian farms are used to estimate the impact of contracthold-ups on investment. We find that investment is affectedby a variety of factors. Contract breaches in the form of delayedpayments have a non-linear effect on investment: at high levels,they significantly deter the investment, but not at low levels.     

我国行政执法的概念、存在的问题及对策

研究行政执法需首先明确其概念。行政执法是国家执法体系中的一种 ,特指行政主体依法对行政相对人采取的具体行政行为。行政执法在实践中存在种种问题 ,其成因既有主观因素 ,也有客观因素 ,因而必须对症下药 ,从多方位加强和改善行政执法。主要对策包括 :克服影响行政执法的各种思想 ,强化依法行政观念 ;健全执法机构 ,确保法律实施 ;完善立法 ,理顺执法体制 ;加强执法监督 ,健全监督机制 ;净化和改善执法环境。