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151.
Gerard H. Seijts Daniel P. Skarlicki Stephen W. Gilliland 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》2003,15(4):191-208
We investigated U.S. and Canadian reactions to workplace drug and alcohol testing programs. Canadian truck drivers (n = 183) deemed drug and alcohol testing policies less fair, and were less accepting of these policies, than their American counterparts (n = 153). We also compared the perspectives of recipients versus third-party observers with regard to their reactions to a drug testing program. Unlike the pattern observed among American observers, the responses by Canadian observers were highly similar to those of the recipients. Canadian observers were more inclined to file a formal protest regarding the implementation of a drug and alcohol testing program than were U.S. observers. The results also showed that procedural and interactional justice principles contributed to the program's fairness, acceptance, and lower levels of protest intentions in both Canada and the United States. We propose that scholars and practitioners can gain a better understanding of multinational reactions to drug and alcohol testing by considering not only cultural but also historical, social, political, and other environmental factors that can shape reactions to personnel practices. 相似文献
152.
The Theory of Socially Embedded Games: Applications and Extensions to Open and Closed Games 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An earlier article, drawing on the mathematical theory of rules and rule complexes, extends and generalizes game theory (GGT). The theory has been used to conceptualize and analyze diverse social relationships, roles, and games as particular types of rule complexes.For instance, a social role, as a major basis of a parent's action in a game, consists of at least four key components – which are mathematical objects – in the determination of action: value complex, model of reality (including beliefs and knowledge bases), a repertoire of acts, routines, programs, and strategies, and modality, a role-specific algorithm for determining or generating action in game settings. This article applies and extends GGT in analyses of a market bargaining game (a type of open game) and of the classical game of prisoners' dilemma (a type of closed game). The applications show the concrete effects of social embeddedness on game structuring, game interaction patterns and outcomes, and social equilibria. 相似文献
153.
物流配送系统中的运筹学问题及方法研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
物流配送系统中包含诸多运筹学问题,如配送中心选址中的0-1规划问题,货物配载中的背包问题,配送路线优化中的动态规划问题等,通过建立数学模型,利用运筹学方法与信息技术的结合可对上述问题加以解决,为配送业务的进一步发展提供帮助. 相似文献
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This article examines judicial and administrative rulings and legislation involving or related to the issue of drug testing in the workplace. It discusses the rights of employees in the public and private sector: constitutional rights; federal, state, and local statutory rights; rights of unionized employees; and common law rights. It analyzes both the current state of the law and future directions the law may take, as courts and administrative agencies decide more cases and governmental bodies continue to pass drug testing legislation. 相似文献
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广东省现代物流正处于快速增长的阶段,如何协调物流供给与需求的矛盾,是现代物流发展过程中不可避免的问题。本文从物流的需求和供给的状况着手,分析了广东省现代物流存在供需不平衡问题的原因与表象,对匹配广东省现代物流的需求与供给提出了几条建议。 相似文献
160.
《萨班斯法案》的出台堪称注册会计师行业的一件大事,从理论上看,该法案各项条款的出台确实具有积极的意义,但仍然存在缺陷,它更多地强调监管的作用,而监管的效率往往不如制衡的效率;它更多地强调经济处罚和刑事处罚的作用,而这两种处罚却必须以民事赔偿为前提,并最终使作假行为的作假成本大大高于作假收益。 相似文献