Climate Change Policy Options for Asian Economies: Findings from an Integrated Assessment Model

This study outlines potential futures for the global economy through the 2050 with a specific focus on the countries of Asia. With underlying assumptions about population and output growth, a baseline scenario assesses the growth of greenhouse gas emissions and the ensuing impacts on the climate. Under the baseline scenario, Asia's high growth leads to a strong rotation in global output and emissions by the year 2050. The analytical framework traces back the changes in temperature to economic damages – limited to the agricultural sectors. Parts of Asia are likely to see much higher dependence on food imports as a consequence of these damages. Various carbon tax scenarios are implemented to assess the potential for reducing carbon emissions. Because of the structure of their economies, Asian countries are likely to bear the greatest burden in reducing emissions in an efficient global tax scheme, but there is significant scope to ease this burden through financial transfers.     

《2002年萨班斯-奥克斯利法案》对会计寻租的抑制

会计寻租是会计丑闻的重要原因,它给经济的发展带来了重大负面影响。本文以公共选择、利益集团等理论分析了会计寻租原因,并结合《2002年萨班斯-奥克斯利法案》,讨论了法案对会计寻租的抑制。     

气候障碍因子对城市绿化适生树种选择的 影响——以上海世博公园为例

通过对上海近30年的气候因子汇总分析,结合对上 海世博公园主要绿化树种生长状况调查和年度生物量计算,通 过典型相关性分析发现,极端高低温、强风和暴雨等5个气候 因子对树木的生长产生了不同程度的影响,有些因子严重阻碍 了树木的正常生长,成为障碍因子。经过10年的绿化实践验 证,上海世博公园对骨干树种的选择,以乡土树种为主,群落 结构较为稳定,且气候障碍因子对乡土树种的影响较小。在引 种外来树种时,采用气候相似植物区系法,结合植物耐寒、耐 热带图,把种源地划分为2个气候带和3个植物区系,并确定了 最南引种线,成功引种了红花槭等20种观花色叶乔木树种。     

加拿大应对重大气候灾害的经验和措施

加拿大大部分地区地处北美寒冷地带,在漫长的冬季,寒冷时间较长,且暴风雪较多,十分恶劣的冰雪天气给加拿大带来了巨大的损失,也使加拿大积累了很多应对严重自然灾害的经验,逐步摸索了很多有效的措施。 本文重点介绍一些加拿大在应对严重自然灾害和突发事件方面的经验和措施,如：通过立法规范重大自然灾害和突发事件的管理工作,建立全社会的防灾减灾责任机制和服务体系,充分做好灾害前准备工作,重视气候变化和防灾减灾领域的研究、加强防灾减灾科研投入,政府的正确引导和全民教育,先进的气候预报预警,全方位的信息服务,有组织的统一行动等,供有关方面参考。     

气候舒适度对热点城市入境游客时空变化的影响

文章选取东部18个城市分析气候舒适度的年内时空变化,将其年内变化分为3种类型：倒＂U＂形、＂M＂形、宽＂U＂形。收集2005～2007年各城市入境客流量,分析其年内时空变化状况,将其年内变化分为4种类型：＂W＂形、倒＂U＂形、＂M＂形、＂U＂形。年内客流量重心变化与气候舒适度重心变化具有很强的时间同步性,说明气候舒适度是影响客流量空间分布的重要因素。在客流量月指数与气候舒适度指数比较的基础上,建立了入境旅游客流量月指数模拟模型。利用旅游资源丰度、经济发展水平、综合气候舒适指数3个因素,建立其与客流量地域分布的统计关系,结果显示：综合气候舒适度指数每变化1个单位,客流量将增加（或减少）7.659万人。     

Can the North American ski industry attain climate resiliency? A modified Delphi survey on transformations towards sustainable tourism

As global temperatures increase, does accelerating climate change represent an existential crisis or a manageable challenge for the ski industry? Despite considerable evidence demonstrating the global ski industry is in the early stages of a climate-induced transition, global research on ski industry stakeholder perspectives shows varied levels of climate risk awareness, a focus on future vulnerability, and limited engagement in adaptation. Within North America, research has focussed on the physical climatic impacts to ski operations and possible skier responses, yet there lacks insight into industry perceptions on current and future climate vulnerability. This study fills this important knowledge gap using a Delphi survey to engage 52 leaders from across the continent in a dialogue on strategic climate responsiveness. Results demonstrate North American ski industry leaders’ climate risk perceptions range widely, and opinions diverge over if or how to respond at both an industry and destination scale. Simultaneously, industry experts believe mountain tourists increasingly value nature-based activities, place-bound products, and corporate responsibility. Analysing industry leaders’ responses through Enlightened Stakeholder theory highlights how aligning supply-side environmental management with demand-side tourist experiences may create opportunities for new partnerships, innovations, policies, and strategies needed to achieve climate-resilient and sustainable futures.     

Managers’ psychological diversity climate and fairness: The utility and importance of diversity management in the hospitality industry

ABSTRACT

Despite corporate investments in diversity management programs, there is a dearth in the literature that examines managers' attitudes toward diversity management practices. This is a glaring gap in the literature because the success of diversity management programs is highly depend on managers. A survey was distributed to hotel managers from properties in the southern United States. The results showed that psychological diversity climate predicted the perceived utility and importance of diversity management, and these relationships were mediated by the fairness of diversity management. These results suggest that psychological diversity climate has an impact on attitudes toward diversity management practices.     

Coaching and employee organizational citizenship behaviours: The role of procedural justice climate

This study investigates how the level of procedural justice climate (PJC) in a group may reduce or increase the impact of coaching behaviour of department managers on the organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) of their subordinates in the hospitality sector. The sample consists of 40 department managers and 176 employees of 12 five star hotels operating in Northern Cyprus. A multilevel analysis using hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) was utilized due to the nested nature of employees in their corresponding departments. Effective coaching is especially more important in departments where procedural justice climate is low. When the PJC is low, the role of effective coaching becomes imperative for OCBs of employees. In line with the substitutes for leadership theory, the higher levels of PJC serve as a substitute for coaching.     

候变化对我国种植业化肥投入的影响

气候变化不但会对农业产出产生影响,而且还会对农业生产要素投入产生影响。利用我国26个省2001—2012年的面板数据,实证分析气温和降水量变化对我国种植业生产中化肥使用强度的影响,结果表明：从整体看,年平均气温上升有助于降低化肥的使用强度,而年降水量的增加则会提升化肥的使用强度;对于热带亚热带季风气候区,降水量增加、气温上升均会导致化肥使用强度增加;对于温带季风气候区,气温上升会导致化肥使用强度下降,但是降水量增加对化肥使用强度的影响不显著。气候变化对不同气候区农业生产的化肥投入具有不同的影响,因此有关化肥控制的政策有必要考虑气候因素的影响,政策目标的设定也应体现区域差异。     

Impacts of climate change on lower Murray irrigation*

This article evaluates irrigated agriculture sector response and resultant economic impacts of climate change for a part of the Murray Darling Basin in Australia. A water balance model is used to predict reduced basin inflows for mild, moderate and severe climate change scenarios involving 1, 2 and 4°C warming, and predict 13, 38 and 63% reduced inflows. Impact on irrigated agricultural production and profitability are estimated with a mathematical programming model using a two‐stage approach that simultaneously estimates short and long‐run adjustments. The model accounts for a range of adaptive responses including: deficit irrigation, temporarily following of some areas, permanently reducing the irrigated area and changing the mix of crops. The results suggest that relatively low cost adaptation strategies are available for a moderate reduction in water availability and thus costs of such a reduction are likely to be relatively small. In more severe climate change scenarios greater costs are estimated. Adaptations predicted include a reduction in total area irrigated and investments in efficient irrigation. A shift away from perennial to annual crops is also predicted as the latter can be managed more profitably when water allocations in some years are very low.