加拿大实现碳中和的政策部署与路径

本文根据加拿大联邦政府发布的增强版气候计划,阐述了加拿大实现碳中和的有关政策部署和路径。在围绕碳中和的新一轮全球博弈中,加拿大将减排重点放在能够显著减排的关键领域,给予有利政策和资金支持,并且将政府引导与碳定价机制相结合,从而激励相关行业企业不断革新技术,以技术创新带动绿色低碳产业的发展,进而推动加拿大在后疫情时代实现经济复苏。     

支持性人力资源管理与员工工作幸福感——基于中介机制的实证研究

虽然众多学者认为支持性人力资源管理对员工的工作幸福具有积极影响,但是相关影响机理尚需揭示。本研究基于71家企业347名员工的配对调查数据,揭示了支持性人力资源管理对集体工作幸福感、个体工作幸福感的影响机制及差异性。多层次分析结果表明:支持性人力资源管理对集体工作幸福感、个体工作幸福感有显著的正向影响;支持性人力资源管理通过组织主人翁氛围的部分中介影响集体工作幸福感,通过组织认同和自我效能感的完全中介影响个体工作幸福感。本研究的结论不但拓宽了旨在提升员工工作幸福的企业人力资源管理思路,而且为企业塑造幸福型组织提供了理论依据。     

Cheaper,Greener and More Efficient: Rationalising UK Carbon Prices

Current UK energy use policies, which primarily aim to reduce carbon emissions, provide abatement incentives that vary by user and fuel, creating inefficiency. Distributional concerns are often given as a justification for the lower carbon price faced by households, but there is little rationale for carbon prices associated with the use of gas to be lower than those for electricity. We consider reforms that raise carbon prices faced by households and reduce the variation in carbon prices across gas and electricity use, improving the efficiency of emissions reduction. We show that the revenue raised from these reforms can be recycled in a way that ameliorates some of the distributional concerns. Whilst such recycling is not able to protect all poorer households, existing policy also makes distributional trade‐offs, but does so in an opaque and inefficient way.     

Can we enhance low-carbon tour intentions through climate science or responsibility sharing information?

In line with social representations theory, our study presents two mediating models to examine the psychological mechanism underlying how tourists’ intentions toward low-carbon tours could be enhanced through a reduction in their ambivalence toward low-carbon tours. Recruiting 767 independent tourists, applying an ordinary-least-square simple regression, and following the mediating testing approach of Baron and Kenny (1986), we have found that using scientific climate information can efficiently strengthen tourists’ travel intentions toward engaging in low-carbon tours and can also reduce tourists’ ambivalence toward low-carbon tours. We found, however, that another tourist education approach, responsibility sharing, did not have a similar effect, owing possibly to the social-loafing effect.     

The Effect of Organizational Climate on Sell-side Analyst Turnover and Performance

This paper investigates whether and how organizational climate (OC) in brokerage firms affects analyst turnover and performance. We find that firms with a lower-rated OC have a higher likelihood of analyst turnover. Also, when analysts leave and switch brokerage firms, they are more likely to move to a firm with a higher-rated OC and will deliver more accurate forecasts after switching firms. However, the performance improvements in better-rated OC firms are significant only for the initial years of the analysts’ employment in the new firms. We also show that OC-related analyst turnover negatively affects the performance of incumbent analysts, especially for those non-All-Star incumbent analysts, while these adverse performance effects are also transitory and last for two years only. Thus, our findings indicate that OC only has a short-lived effect on the behaviour of both leaving and remaining analysts, which challenges the long-held assumption that investments in a positive OC will always be associated with lower employee turnover and higher individual performance. We explain our results as arising from the high levels of labour mobility within the brokerage industry and the transparency of analyst forecasts as a public performance measure.     

Drivers of radical and incremental creativity—A moderated mediation framework

Researchers establish that rewards play an important role in shaping employees' creative behaviors. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that transmit the effects of rewards for creativity on different types of creative behaviors. Drawing on the sense making perspective, this study identifies unique mediators and moderators of reward—creativity relationship. The results of this survey-based study, comprising of 220 independent employee - supervisor dyads, suggested that enjoyment in the activity mediated the relationship between intrinsic rewards and radical creative behaviors. Moreover, the interactional effects of extrinsic rewards and their perceived importance on creative behaviors were mediated through perceptions of climate for innovation. These results provide important insights and guide managers in promoting distinct types of creative behaviors.     

Voluntary agreements to improve environmental quality: symbolic and substantive cooperation

Within the context of environmental voluntary agreements (VAs), this paper analyzes the determinants of the degree of participation by firms in collective corporate political strategies that aim to shape government policy. We demonstrate that substantive cooperative strategies are more likely to be pursued by firms that enter a VA close to its initiation, while symbolic cooperation is more likely behavior by late joiners. We show that late joiners and early joiners within VAs adopt different cooperative strategies because they face different institutional pressures. Our analysis is based on the strategies of firms participating in the Climate Challenge program (1995–2000) established by the U.S. Department of Energy and representatives of the national electric utilities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Our results show that early joiners were subjected to higher levels of political pressure at the state level and were more dependent on local and federal regulatory agencies than late joiners were. Early joiners were also better connected to the trade association and more visible. Late joiners had undertaken significantly less investment in environmental improvements than early joiners. Our paper also illustrates the difficulty involved in using VAs to try to induce improved environmental outcomes when there are no sanctioning mechanisms. Although early entrants reduced their emissions more than nonparticipants, our results show no significant difference overall between participants and nonparticipants in the reduction of their emissions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

林业减缓气候变化的国际进程、政策机制及对策研究

全球气候变化已是不争的事实,引起了世界各国的高度重视。通过林业措施应对气候变化,已成为国内外的共同行动。回顾总结林业应对气候变化的国际进程,介绍了主要国家应对气候变化采取的林业行动,提出了我国林业应对气候变化的政策建议。     

气候变化与中国林业碳汇政策研究综述

旨在研究气候变化与中国林业碳汇管理政策,国内外就碳汇问题的探讨和研究主要集中在碳汇背景、碳汇概念、碳汇意义、碳汇技术、碳汇市场、碳汇政策及碳汇项目等7个方面。在对已有研究的主要内容和观点进行概述的基础上,认为林业碳汇是指通过实施造林、森林管理和保护、吸收大气中二氧化碳并将其固定在植被和土壤中,从而减少大气中二氧化碳浓度的过程和活动。     

安太堡煤矿复垦区刺槐径向生长对气候因子的响应

在全球变暖的背景下,区域干旱化程度加强,严重限制了干旱和半干旱地区树木的生长。安太堡矿区位于我国农牧交错带,生态环境脆弱,对气候变化敏感。通过树木年代学研究方法,建立了安太堡煤矿复垦区人工刺槐林（Robinia pseudoacacia）的树轮宽度标准年表,树轮气候响应分析发现水分是限制研究区刺槐生长的主要因素,上一年9月至当年8月的水文年降水以及主要生长季（6～8月）的降水对树木的生长有重要的促进作用,但是当年9月降水有限制作用;生长季前冬季（12月、1月）的较高的温度也是限制刺槐径向生长的重要因素。