国外城市封闭社区及其治理

有门有墙、公共空间私有化的封闭社区是后现代城市化的一种表现形式,它不仅是城市社会经济发展的阶段产物,也对城市的社会、经济、政治、文化等各诸多方面产生了极大影响。1990年代以来,封闭社区在世界各国迅速发展和扩散,引起了各国学者对于社会发展和城市发展之间关系的广泛讨论。但是,我国学术界目前的相关研究较少,尚处于萌芽阶段。文章通过对国外城市封闭社区研究成果的总结,探讨了这类社区的形成、发展及其对城市发展的影响,并初步探索了对封闭社区的治理,旨在为我国相关研究提供理论和实践借鉴。     

劳动福利政策的经济学分析

旨在造福广大劳动者的劳动福利政策，实质上由劳资双方共同负担，某种情况下其对劳动者工资和就业的回挫效应还很大。劳动福利政策可行与否，取决于所产生的社会福利增加与成本之间的比较。若带来的社会福利超过社会成本，就可推行，社会感受到的福利越大，则该政策推行的必要性越大，反之则宜慎行。     

人民币汇率定价的逆周期因子：启用时间、驱动因素与实施效果*

本文对2017年5月—2019年9月期间人民币汇率定价过程中逆周期因子的使用进行了测算，并构建非限制性VAR模型分析了中国央行两次启用逆周期因子的驱动因素和实施效果。研究发现：第一，相对于官方公布时间，两次逆周期因子调节均呈现出提前开始和滞后结束的情况，且调整幅度呈现逐渐收窄的趋势；第二，第二次逆周期因子的调节幅度大于第一次；第三，人民币汇率波动是第一次逆周期因子调节的主要驱动因素，而离岸在岸汇价差和汇率政策不确定性是第二次逆周期因子调节的主要驱动因素；第四，两次逆周期因子调节均对人民币汇率波动产生了抑制作用，但加剧了离岸市场人民币贬值预期。     

Structural change in the presence of network externalities: a co-evolutionary model of technological successions

The paper uses a two-stage, multi-agent simulation model to examine the conditions under which technological successions can occur in the presence of network externalities. Data is used to identify a robust econometric model of the probability of succession. Four key factors are identified. First, the trade-off between higher direct utility from new technology goods and the network utility of old technology goods. Second, the relative innovative performance of new and old technology firms. Third, cost (price) differentials due to increasing returns in production. Fourth, the time old (new) firms have to develop their product designs prior to entry.JEL Classification: O30, C15 Correspondence to: Paul WindrumThe authors would like to thank Richard Nelson and Uwe Cantner for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of the paper, and for the comments provided by the anonymous referees. The usual disclaimers apply. The authors gratefully acknowledge supportive funding through SEIN-Project, European Commissions Framework 4 Programme (contract# SOEI-CT-98-1107) and through the Policy Regimes and Environmental Transitions (PRET) project funded by the Dutch Scientific Research Council (NWO).     

Gains,Losses, and the US-EPA <Emphasis Type="Italic">Economic Analyses Guidelines</Emphasis>: A Hazardous Product?

While offering many useful suggestions to improve economic analyses, the Guidelines take no account of widely reported behavioural economics research findings. Foregoing the opportunities to improve valuations and other analyses offered by this evidence is likely to lead to inappropriate assessments and consequent distortions of damage estimates, policy and regulatory design. JEL classifications: C91, D61, H43 This review is in part based on studies supported by the U.S. Forest Service and has benefited from comments and suggestionss of Bas Donkers, Robin Gregory, the editor, and referee.     

The choice between resale price maintenance and exclusive territories: Evidence from litigation

A manufacturer's choice between resale price maintenance (RPM) and exclusive territories to protect dealer provided services is examined empirically. The relative efficacy of RPM in solving the free rider problem depends on the life cycle of the product being distributed. A manufacturer of a product with a long life cycle is more likely to protect its dealers' investment in service with exclusive territories, whereas RPM becomes the more probable restraint for products of short life spans. Data gleaned from vertical restraint litigation strongly support this hypothesis.The author wishes to thank Howard P. Marvel, Laura A. Boyd, and two anonymous referees for comments on earlier versions of this paper. The financial support of The Procter and Gamble Fund is also gratefully acknowledged. Any errors are mine alone.     

人民币汇率波动背景下的“钟摆效应”探析

2012年以来,人民币对美元汇率继续呈现双向波动趋势,升值和贬值预期交替出现。企业等市场主体根据人民币汇率预期变动,灵活调整外币资产负债配置结构,使财务运作呈现较为明显的“钟摆效应”。“钟摆效应”的出现,反映了国内市场主体对汇率风险意识的增强,也影响到外汇资产在央行和市场主体间配置的变动,增加跨境资金流动的波动性。为更好地适应国内市场主体外币资产配置需求的变化,文章提出相关政策建议。     

税负效应与除息日股票价格行为研究——来自A股市场的实证证据

本文基于我国A股市场相关数据对除息日股价行为的税负效应进行全面检验,实证结果表明股息和资本利得税率对除息日股价波动行为具有显著影响,税负效应理论存在于A股市场,但除息日股价波动行为不能完全由税负效应进行解释,另外实证研究还发现我国A股市场不存在税收诱导客户效应。     

论保险法上的因果关系

我国保险法欠缺因果关系原则及规则,不能给保险业务和保险司法提供必要的准则。本文分析了海上保险中的近因原则、英美法系与大陆法系非海上保险的因果关系原则以及若干具体规则,主张海上保险应当继续借鉴英美法上的近因原则,非海上保险应当吸收民法中相当因果关系规则,同时保险法还应规定若干因果关系的具体规则。     

吉林省耕地生产力的经济效果分析

吉林省作为全国重要的商品粮基地,担负着国家粮食安全的重大使命,自从种植业结构优化调整以来,随着农业科技进步贡献率的提高,耕地生产力稳步提升。然而,关于耕地生产力各要素的重要程度及其合理配置、运用,尚未形成有效的分析方法。依据经济效果研究的一般原理以及影响耕地生产力的社会经济因素,运用比较分析法对吉林省耕地生产力进行量化分析的结果表明,鼓励推广农业科技和促进生产要素的最佳投入,是比单一地控制耕地面积减少、投入更多劳动力更为现实和直接的选择,也是促进耕地生产力经济效果优化提升的有效途径。