The Ties Made in the Harvest: Nicaraguan Farm‐worker Networks in Costa Rica's Agricultural Exports

Traditional and nontraditional export agriculture expansion dramatically changed the social and economic landscapes in the global south. An examination of one aspect of south–south international migration, Nicaraguan migrant economic integration into Costa Rica's export agriculture sector, reveals how production systems in the traditional and nontraditional agricultural sectors shape migrant social networks in distinct ways in the global south and its significance for both migrant workers and the agricultural sectors they work in. The rapid expansion of nontraditional export agriculture – the essence of agricultural development in Costa Rica – depends on the traditional crop production structure of coffee farms. The experiences of Nicaraguan migrant workers and their social ties to each other in nontraditional export agriculture and the coffee farms in Costa Rica demonstrate how different production structures call for distinct fragile and conflicted social networks ties between migrants. The economic integration of migrant workers relies on opportunistic and weak ties that are both gendered and contradictory.     

调整出口退税政策后的效果检验——基于门槛面板回归的实证分析

2004年以后，我国出口退税进行了退税率调整，本文截取2005-2010全国各地区面板数据运用非线性门槛面板回归的结果表明，调整后的我国出口退税机制只在促进经济增长和优化经济结构上作用明显，而在能源利用效率、环境污染控制方面的作用有限，这与出口退税的多重功能定位之间的矛盾有关。在对我国环境资源方面的矫正机制进行逻辑梳理后，本文认为应该还出口退税以原有的中性，实行完全退税，转而依靠更为有效的出口关税对环境资源要素的国内外差价进行矫正。     

基于核心竞争力的航空物流企业资源整合

从核心竞争力的内涵与特征入手,结合航空物流企业的运营特征,分析了航空物流企业的核心竞争力,论述了核心竞争力与资源整合之间的关系,阐明了在经济全球化及竞争日趋激烈的当前形势下,资源整合将成为诸多航空物流企业构建核心竞争力,实现可持续发展的无法忽视的重大战略选择,并从提升核心竞争力的角度探讨了航空物流企业资源整合的基本思路和策略。     

“两高一资”产品出口贸易调控的综合决策

对两高一资产品的出口贸易进行综合调控是可持续发展的重要组成部分。针对该类产品出口贸易调控政策研究的系统性和复杂性,文章使用多目标决策方法构建了我国两高一资产品出口贸易调控的多层次关联结构模型,并以钢铁产品的贸易调控政策为案例应用该模型进行分析,旨在为我国出口贸易调控政策的颁布和实施提供决策思路和方法。     

基于灰色关联分析的河南省出口商品环境影响力研究

运用灰色关联分析法对河南省2006─2009年间33类商品出口部门的碳排放影响力的研究结果发现:从行业要素密集度角度整体来看,多数劳动密集型产业出口对河南省碳排放的影响较大,多数资源密集型产业出口对河南省碳排放的影响较小,而资本和技术密集型产业出口对河南省碳排放的影响次序较为分散。因此,河南省低碳经济建设应当充分考虑不同行业的特点和环境影响力,有重点的、有计划地实施碳减排。     

Investments in response to trade policy: The case of Japanese firms during voluntary export restraints

This paper develops a dynamic structural model of a single decision in order to analyze the effect of voluntary export restraints (VERs) on quality-upgrade and foreign direct investment (FDI) behavior. I estimate the model parameters using a variant of the two-step estimator developed by Bajari et al. (2007). Using panel data of Japanese firms in the U.S. automobile industry, both activities are found to have significant sunk cost, which introduces intertemporal interactions in decisions, and I also find that the entry costs for FDI are larger than fixed adjustment costs for quality-upgrade. I simulate counterfactuals based on the estimation of the structural model. In the absence of the VERs, both quality-upgrade and the probability of undertaking FDI decrease. The second simulation examines the substitution effect between the two investment activities. The proposal to restrict FDI policy causes a dramatic increase in the level of quality-upgrade. Similarly, the proposal to restrict quality-upgrade policy results in an increase in the probability of FDI.     

贸易政策对企业国际竞争力及境外资源利用的影响

文章综合应用战略贸易理论与寡占竞争理论,构建两国三地竞争模型,从理论上分析了政府的进出口关税政策对本国企业国际竞争力和境外资源利用的影响。主要结论是:(1)对于依赖境外原料或资源的出口企业来说,不论在国际市场上进行的是产量竞争还是价格竞争,本国政府降低原材料或中间产品的进口关税都会使本国企业在国际市场上的份额和利润增加,而使竞争对手国企业的市场份额和利润下降;(2)相对于价格竞争而言,当出口企业在国际市场进行产量竞争时,政府出口刺激政策的效果要更加明显。     

Multinational Strategic Planning for Third World Markets

There are compelling reasons why multinational corporations (MNCs) must improve their marketing performance in less developed countries (LDCs). A solution to better performance may be creation of a separate strategic business unit, known as the SBU (LDC), to be responsible for all third world operations. A strategic planning model for the SBU(LDC) is presented; it parallels the typical corporate strategic plan but differs in significant respects. Planning steps discussed include mission and objectives, market opportunity analysis, target market evaluation, product strategy, entry strategy, marketing program, and impact analysis. Key issues involved in implementing the SBU (LDC) within the corporate framework are discussed.     

The Impact of U.S.-Sponsored Foreign Trade Office Activities

ABSTRACT

Foreign trade offices (FTOs) are an important, little-understood element in the export promotion portfolio of U.S. state export promotion organizations. The value of these organizations is in dispute. In recent years California closed its FTOs in response to budgetary pressures, claiming that these organizations exist primarily to enhance the political standing of politicians rather than to act as effective export development tools. During the same period Washington State opened several new FTOs. Clearly the value of these organizations is in dispute. Another consideration in the effectiveness of U.S. exporters is the subnational contour of the American economic system. State business climates vary considerably, thereby influencing exporter success as well as those programs (such as FTOs) intended to improve firm performance. We hypothesize and find that (a) state entrepreneurial climate is positively related to state exports and (b) FTO network entry activities amplify the impact of state entrepreneurial climate on state exports. Implications for firms and policy makers are explored.     

Convention Site Selection Research

Abstract

Today, destinations aggressively compete for the rights to host some of the hundreds of thousands of meetings and conventions held around the world each year. Yet very little academic research has focused on this industry. This paper develops a conceptual model and research propositions as a basis for further empirical study.