A dynamic analysis of the impacts of export taxes: The case of Argentinean soy and beef markets

Argentina plays an important role in the global soy market as one of the world's leading exporters of soy products. In an effort to shift its agricultural sector's focus to value‐added exports and to raise revenue, Argentina's government has maintained a regime of differential export taxes on soy products. In addition to soy products, Argentina is a major producer, consumer and exporter of beef. However, over the last decade it has relinquished much of its world market share as its beef exports have fallen because the government has periodically imposed a ban on exports of beef along with maintaining an export tax. As the soy and livestock sectors are inextricably linked, owing to both industries’ intensive land use and the utilisation of soymeal as a feed supplement for cattle, trade policies in one sector have pronounced cross‐sectoral impacts. This study develops a theoretical model of these different sectors and trade policies, incorporating the dynamic decisions of cattle stock management. The model is calibrated to real‐world data on the Argentinean economy, and the impacts of trade liberalisation are quantified. Key results show modelling the various intersectoral linkages and the dynamic implications of cattle stock is essential for obtaining accurate estimates.     

儒家文化对中国企业出口产品质量影响研究

儒家文化是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。中国企业在国际化发展中，可否借助儒家文化提高出口产品质量仍是一个未知的学术问题。文章采用2001年到2007年中国海关和中国工业企业数据库数据，运用新制度经济学理论中非正式制度对人类行为的影响机制以及历史的信息和数据来解释文化对经济行为的影响，通过理论和实证的分析，研究结果表明儒家文化促进了我国企业产品出口质量的提升，并对民营企业影响大于对国有企业和外资企业。文章不仅分析了中国儒家文化中的经济学价值，对如何提升中国企业出口产品质量和竞争力，增强传统文化自信力提供了证据和新探索路径。     

EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION AND EXPORT PERFORMANCE BY DESTINATION COUNTRY

The main focus of this paper is the relationship between export diversification and export performance. The key difference with respect to the previous literature is that export diversification is measured and related to export volume by destination country. The approach is empirical and an aggregate export demand setting is adopted to test the significance and influence of export diversification, measured via the Herfindahl index, on export performance by destination country. The econometric estimation is performed using export data for Spain to its partner countries for the period 1999–2011. The main finding is the positive relationship between Spanish export concentration and export performance by destination market. This finding is shown to be robust to several econometric specifications.     

Enhancing Business Relationship Quality Through Cultural Sensitization

An understanding of and adaptation to differences in culture in foreign countries can help exporters to reduce the distance between parties in an export relationship and enhance the quality of the relationship. This research investigates the impact of 2 cultural factors, namely, exporter cultural sensitivity and exporter ethnocentrism, on business relationship quality between transitioning economy–based exporters and their foreign importers and, subsequently, export performance. Using a systematic sample of 297 exporting firms in Vietnam we find that exporter cultural sensitivity has a positive effect, and ethnocentrism has a negative effect, on relationship quality. Furthermore, relationship quality enhances the performance of exporters.     

政府补贴对造纸企业出口的影响效应评估

基于造纸企业1998—2013年的非平衡面板数据构建动态面板模型,采用一般矩估计方法(GMM)克服内生性问题,明确政府补贴与造纸企业出口的因果关系,检验政府补贴对造纸企业出口扩张的影响效应,结果显示:当期的补贴收入对受补贴造纸企业出口未产生显著影响,而滞后一期的补贴收入对造纸企业当期出口具有显著的促进作用,该滞后效应出现在间断性出口企业中,但未在持续出口企业中出现,在一定程度上反映出政府补贴能激励造纸企业进入国际市场,但不是持续出口企业出口规模扩张的关键要素;滞后一期的补贴收入对纸浆及造纸企业的出口具有促进作用,但对纸及纸制品企业的出口无显著影响。     

出口退税对纺织品出口的经济效应分析——以江苏省为例

出口退税为我国一项重要的促进贸易发展的政策。江苏省是纺织品出口大省,但近年随着世界经济形势的变化,国际贸易保护主义抬头,中美贸易摩擦加剧,出口退税政策在促进纺织品出口方面变得更加重要。论文从纺织品出口的需求、供给关系和贸易小国出口退税政策的福利效应两个方面探讨了江苏省纺织品出口退税的经济效应,主要体现为静态效应和动态效应。结果显示,出口退税政策对促进纺织品出口发挥了重要作用,相关部门应积极推进实施此政策。     

Foreign entrants and domestic entrepreneurship: Evidence from Vietnam

This paper examines the impacts of foreign entrants and international trade on potential entrants in Vietnam. Based on a discrete entry model, estimates show that foreign direct investment (FDI) stimulates more domestic entrants in the short run, while the aggregate effect of FDI varies across FDI types. Horizontal FDI tends to have no impact on local start‐ups while vertical FDI is found to have a positive impact on the inflow of domestic entry for only the backward linkage and not for the forward linkage. Moreover, industries with more exports accommodate more domestic entrants, whereas imports tend to deter domestic start‐ups.     

磷肥企业竞争力指标体系的建立及其评价

我国加入WTO后,磷肥企业之间的竞争越来越激烈。本文根据磷肥企业的特点,建立了其竞争力评价体系,并在此基础上确定了定量分析的模型。     

提升国有四大商业银行竞争力的法律新思路

在市场开放的条件下,银行业的发展必定要面临很大的挑战和风险。对于正在完善改制的我国国有四大商业银行来说,则面临着更大的挑战。一方面,内部制度的不健全令其在世界银行业的范围内处于弱势地位;另一方面,肆虐全球的金融危机使其遇到了方向性选择,这主要是顾及过于开放的市场对金融安全的影响。唯有通过法律途径处理好市场开放与风险控制的关系,才能切实提高我国国有四大商业银行的国际竞争力。