Food Competition in World Markets: Some Evidence from a Panel Data Analysis of Top Exporting Countries

This paper investigates the relevance of relative prices and world income as determinants of food exports for the top trading countries in the period 1992–2012 using a panel data framework. We find that price elasticities generally take lower values for processed goods, and the opposite holds for income elasticities. Processed goods are also characterised by an inverse relationship between price elasticities and average unit values. The analysis suggests that both emerging and advanced countries can be expected to increase their export specialisation in processed goods. Furthermore, developed economies can face fierce competition from emerging countries by enhancing the quality content of their processed good exports.     

Chile's Neoliberal Agrarian Transformation and the Peasantry

In the mid–1970s, following the early shift to neoliberalism, the Chilean rural sector was restructured dramatically, becoming one of the most successful cases of non–traditional agricultural export (NTAE) growth. However, many analysts fail to discuss the problematic nature of Chile’s integration into the global market. Underpinning this rapid growth of NTAEs is the exploitation of cheap peasant labour, especially seasonal female wage workers. This article examines the elements of continuity and change in agrarian policy since the transition to democracy in 1990. In particular, it presents the policy debate on the future of the peasantry: capitalization or proletarianization? The dilemma that policy makers face over maintaining high rates of NTAE growth while at the same time attempting to reduce poverty and income inequalities are also highlighted. The Chilean case can be considered as paradigmatic insofar as it exhibits key characteristics of the classical capitalist transformation of agriculture: the emergence of a new class of dynamic agricultural entrepreneurs, renewed proletarianization and land concentration, and intensification of social differentiation.     

我国玩具对美出口面临的技术性贸易壁垒及对策分析

中国玩具出口占美国玩具市场的80%。美国多种形式的技术性贸易壁垒严重影响了我国玩具出口。本文通过对我玩具出口美国现状、美国玩具市场的特点以及美国所采取的新的技术性贸易壁垒阐述,分析了对我国玩具出口产生的影响,并提出相应的对策建议。     

山东农产品出口与农业增长关系的实证研究

改革开放以来,山东省农产品贸易有了很大的发展。虽然农产品出口占山东总的出口比重不断下降,但是农产品出口额处于不断上升趋势。根据协整理论和格兰杰因果检验方法,利用山东省1978年到2009年的数据,对农副产品出口与农业经济增长之间的长期关系进行了实证分析。     

陕西浓缩苹果汁出口贸易的SWOT分析及对策研究

结合SWOT分析方法对陕西浓缩苹果汁产业的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战进行较为全面的分析,并提出陕西浓缩果汁产业进一步发展的方向和具体对策。     

扩大服务输出:广州服务业发展的战略选择

在建设国家中心城市的目标与形势下,扩大服务输出是广州提升现代服务业核心竞争力、增强城市集聚度和辐射力的重要手段和实现方式.当前广州扩大服务输出的意识较强,但服务输出的质量和水平有待进一步提高.随着<珠江三角洲地区改革发展规划纲要>的实施及区域经济一体化的推进,广州的服务业面临良好的发展机遇,应通过创新发展、服务集聚、区...     

我国应对农产品出口技术性贸易壁垒的策略

技术性贸易壁垒在当今国际贸易中的影响日益强化,加入WTO以来,中国出口农产品频繁遭遇国外技术性贸易壁垒的冲击,这严重阻碍了中国农产品出口,给出口农产品的相关行业及生产经营者造成了严重损失。通过研究技术壁垒对中国农产品出口的影响状况,提出应建立与国际接轨的农产品质量安全标准,提高农产品质量,企业应积极开拓新市场,实施市场多元化战略。     

基于局部均衡视角的碳关税壁垒对我国出口影响的实证分析

碳关税具有名义上的合理性、对象上的歧视性、形式上的合法性和主体的广泛性等特征。碳关税对我国出口的冲击主要源于出口产品生产过程中碳排放强度,由局部均衡分析知,碳关税不但会对我国工业产品这个行业造成影响,还会对我国整体福利造成影响。我国政府应在国内开征碳税,完善国内碳交易市场,积极参与碳关税的制定;我国企业应加快新能源技术的开发和应用,实施低碳战略,以应对碳关税壁垒对我国出口的影响。     

Does trade creation by social and business networks hold in services?

Recent literature on the border effect has shown that the intensity of trade in goods is positively correlated with the migration stocks between any pair of countries/regions. The number of references for business networks is more limited, but they are also related with a reduction on information costs. In this article we investigate whether such a relation holds also for Spanish domestic trade flows in consumer services. To this end, we use a gravity model rooted in the Dixit–Stiglitz–Krugman theoretical framework and a unique data set on interregional trade flows for some of the main tourism service sectors, namely, accommodations and restaurants. Our industry-specific analysis finds a large positive effect for restaurants but a more limited effect for accommodations. Forces driving the demand in each sector explain this result and suggest the idea that although social networks can act as a substitute of firms in some sectors at the same time they can enhance trade flows in other sectors. We perform the same kind of analysis with a data set (obtained by a similar method) for domestic trade in goods and discover a different response to social and business networks. Finally, we treat the potential endogeneity by taking the instrumental-variable approach of the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimator and thus obtain consistent results.     

Credit constraints and exports: evidence for German manufacturing enterprises

This study uses newly available enterprise-level data for firms from manufacturing industries in Germany to test for the link between credit constraints, measured by a credit-rating score from the leading credit-rating agency Creditreform, and exports. In line with hypotheses from a theoretical model, we find a positive link between a better credit-rating score of a firm and both the probability that the firm is an exporter and a higher share of exports in total sales. This link, though statistically highly significant, is not very strong from an economic point of view. While empirical evidence for the hypothesis that credit-constrained firms are less likely to start to export is, at best, weak, we find no evidence for a statistically significant difference in credit-rating scores between firms that stopped to export and firms that continued to export.