Effects of intra- and inter-regional geographic diversification and product diversification on export performance: Evidence from the Chilean fresh fruit export sector

This study examines individually the effects of intra- and inter-regional geographic diversification on the export performance of firms from the Chilean fresh fruit sector. It also explores the direct effect of related product diversification on export performance and its role as a moderator in the relationship between geographic diversification and export performance. By employing panel trade data of 279 purely exporting firms over a six-years period (2010–2015), we found that both intra- and inter-regional diversification have an inverted U-shaped relationship with export performance, where moderate levels of diversification have positive effects on export performance, but higher levels may be counterproductive. Results also showed that related product diversification has a positive effect on firm export performance and a negative moderating effect on the relationship between inter-regional diversification and export performance. In the case of intra-regional diversification, we did not find any moderating effect from product diversification. By focusing on firms from the agricultural sector based in an emerging economy, this study offers practical implications for firm managers, trade organizations and private export associations, that may also be applicable to other export-based activities and emerging economies.     

生产者服务、出口品技术结构和制造业出口商品结构优化

本文基于SITC3位编码出口数据计算了1988～2008年我国制造业出口产品的技术结构,通过协整分析、脉冲响应函数以及方差分解分析了生产者服务与出口商品技术结构的长期协整关系和动态关系,并据此阐述了生产者服务对制造业出口商品结构的影响。本文的研究结论表明：（1）生产者服务是制造业出口商品技术结构变化的原因;（2）产品的技术水平越高,其出口增加对生产者服务的依赖度越大。二者的动态关系表现为：生产者服务对高技术产品出口增长的提升作用最大,对中等技术产品出口增长的作用呈现先降低后提高的现象,而对资源和低技术产品出口增长有降低的作用。研究结果说明生产者服务有利于制造业出口商品结构优化。     

中国与挪威水产品贸易研究综述

水产品对外贸易发达与否是衡量一个国家或地区渔业经济发展水平的重要标志之一.近年来,我国水产品出口贸易得到长足发展,中国是世界头号渔业大国,2004年,出口量和出口额分别达到242.1万t,69.7亿美元,占世界水产品出口份额的7%,位居第一.中国是世界第一大海产品生产国,渔业产量占世界的1/3,挪威是世界第一大海产品出口国.本文主要就我国水产品进出口贸易的特点,面临的问题,及我国与挪威水产品贸易概况等方面的研究作一个综述.     

Trade Liberalization and Exports Promotion: A Dynamic and Heterogeneous Analysis Under the Case of Chile

We develop a dynamic and heterogeneous firm model that embodies a firm’s joint decisions to export and innovate and allows both decisions to affect the firm’s production growth. We then calibrate the model with data obtained from Chilean manufacturing plants between 2005 and 2007 and simulate the impact of trade liberalization under different combinations of industry age and speed of trade liberalization. On the one hand, a quickly implemented trade liberalization policy significantly increases the exports intensity of a young industry newly opening up to the world. The increase in exports intensity is greater with quicker implementation of trade liberalization. On the other hand, trade liberalization for a mature industry does not lead to a significant impact on exports intensity.     

Do Hallyu (Korean Wave) Exports Promote Korea’s Consumer Goods Exports?

This study analyzes the link between international trade in tangible consumption goods and services, and intangible cultural goods using panel data of Korea’s exports to 40 countries of three types of consumer goods and TV content since the mid-2000s. The growing popularity of Korean TV dramas (the stand-in for the Korean wave or “Hallyu” phenomenon) has not been confined to the East Asian region with interest spreading much further afield. This study estimates a one-directional gravity model that uses various forms of consumer goods exports as well as inbound visitors to Korea as dependent variables and a set of explanatory variables plus the Korean broadcasting content exports using the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood procedure. From our analysis, we find the Hallyu exports to have a positive effect on consumer good exports and inbound visitor flows in general, but the strength of the influence seems to be weakest in the case of durable consumer good exports.     

A contribution to a multidimensional analysis of trade competition

International trade grew substantially throughout the last decades and international relations became more important for the economic performance of the countries. Simultaneously, new poles emerged in the international arena leading to growing competition for higher market shares. Therefore, trade competition is a critical dimension of analysis for applied international trade studies. We propose a conceptual framework for measuring this phenomenon by combining some critical previous contributions to build a multidimensional and more comprehensive concept, which defines trade competition as a function of the degree of both structural similarity and total exports overlap. Moreover, structural similarity should take into account three elements: sectoral shares similarity, inter‐sectoral similarity (evaluating how different the distinct sectors are) and intra‐sectoral similarity (proximity in terms of quality ranges exported). Several measures are proposed to empirically capture the concept suggested. Finally, we present an example including the exports of six European economies (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Greece, Hungary and Sweden) to 124 destination markets (in 2007, 2011, 2015) in order to illustrate the application of the concept and measures suggested.     

Sectoral exports dynamics of Turkey: Evidence from panel data estimators

This study aims to determine the most important factors affecting sectoral exports dynamics of Turkey and to estimate sectoral exports elasticities. It then relates sectoral elasticities to factor and technology intensities. The study uses three recent panel data estimators, Mean Group, Augmented Mean Group and Common Correlated Effects Mean Group estimators, all of which take into consideration slope heterogeneity and the last two also taking into consideration cross-sectional dependency. The results obtained show that foreign demand and productivity are important determinants of Turkish exports. In addition, sectoral elasticities vary across sectors, tending to be greater in some sectors where factor and technology intensities are the main distinctive features.     

Bilateral Export Trade,Outward and Inward FDI: A Dynamic Gravity Model Approach Using Sectoral Data from Malaysia

In light of a change in the foreign direct investment (FDI) landscape such as the rapid growth of outward FDI from Malaysia since 2007, this article ascertains the possible impact of inward and outward FDI on Malaysia’s bilateral export trade at the sectoral level, using a dynamic gravity approach. The findings reveal that both inward and outward FDI are complementary to bilateral export trade in the services, mining, and manufacturing sectors. Furthermore, the distance elasticity and the real effective exchange rate have a different negative impact on different sectors. Overall, the sectoral bilateral exports could not insulate against external events.     

Union legislation and export platform FDI

Abstract

This paper examines Foreign Direct Investment in the presence of labour unions. An oligopoly model is developed in which identical firms locate in a host country in order to export to a foreign country. These firms are unionized and compete with foreign firms on the foreign market. We consider the incentives for social dumping via restrictive labour legislation, which we assume can be used by the host country government to affect the bargaining power of unions. We ask whether it is in the interest of the importing foreign country for the host country to relax or to tighten labour laws.     

Standards and export performance in developing countries: Evidence from Pakistan

Several studies have analyzed the exporting pattern and performance of firms located in a developing country. However, there is limited work on the impact of standards on the performance of developing country exporting firms. This paper uses data from Pakistan to assess the effects of ISO 9000 certification on export sales and share of exports (relative to domestic and export sales) for textiles and the agro-food sector. As certification is not randomly assigned but there is ‘self-selection into treatment’, we use propensity matching methods to estimate the causal effect of certification on the change in the firms' value of export sales between 2000 and 2004. The results show that export performance is positively correlated with ISO 9000 certification.