我国淡水鱼流通工艺技术集成问题及解决策略

文献查阅和实地调研得知,目前我国淡水鱼流通工艺技术集成水平较低,具体表现为工艺技术整体水平不高、环节内部不匹配、环节之间不协同,直接导致我国淡水鱼流通质量风险变大、损耗成本增加、价值损失增多。文章应用经济机制设计理论,深入分析了我国淡水鱼流通工艺技术落后问题产生的原因,并从淡水鱼流通产业链工艺技术水平提升、组织化水平提高、协同机制培建等角度,提出了淡水鱼流通工艺技术集成的策略。     

Explaining the Role of Perceived Risk,Knowledge, Price,and Cost in Dry Fish Consumption Within the Theory of Planned Behavior

ABSTRACT

The general purpose of this study is to explore the influence of perceived risk, knowledge, price, and cost of dry fish consumption in Bangladesh using the general framework from the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The field experiments were performed in Bangladesh with a convenience sample of 558 respondents. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship among perceived risk, knowledge, price, and cost and TPB constructs. The findings showed that attitude, norms, and procedural knowledge emerge as the key determinants of intention, whereas intention, attitude, norms, and perceived risk have effects on the dry fish consumption frequency. Perceived behavioral control, price, and cost had no significant effect on intention and consumption behavior. The proposed TPB and the extended model both fit the data well and proved the expectations of this study in a promising way. The study found that people are more concerned about potential long-term risk to their family and others. Therefore, management attention should focus on reducing risks which consumers may face through producing safe and hazard-free dry fish.     

山东省沿海软骨鱼的种类与分布

山东省海域有软骨鱼40种,隶属于21科;介绍了软骨鱼的分布。     

The barriers and drivers of seafood consumption in Australia: A narrative literature review

Although seafood is considered to be an important part of a healthy and balanced diet, many Australians still do not consume the recommended amounts for good health. Fish is an excellent source of protein, omega‐3 fatty acids and other nutrients, and studies have shown that seafood‐rich diets can have a lower impact on the environment than diets high in other animal proteins. Concerns about health and sustainability have led to an increased interest in understanding consumers' attitudes toward seafood. This review aims to assess the current knowledge on drivers and barriers to seafood consumption in the Australian context. Systematic search strategies were used to identify relevant peer‐reviewed journal articles from three electronic databases (SCOPUS, Web of Science and Science Direct) and grey literature reports from targeted government and industry websites. Accepted studies investigated drivers and/or barriers to seafood consumption in Australia through qualitative, quantitative, or mixed method designs. Initial searches identified 504 publications from which fourteen met the criteria for the review process. The reviewed studies revealed that influences on seafood consumption in Australia are similar to those identified in other developed countries. The leading drivers of seafood consumption are health, taste, and convenience, while the main barriers are price, availability, concerns about quality, and a lack of confidence in selecting and preparing seafood. Some possible intervention strategies targeted toward these factors are explored in the discussion. Future research should focus on designing and implementing specific interventions so that their effectiveness in increasing seafood consumption in Australia can be assessed.     

The extent and magnitude of formalin adulteration in fish sold in domestic markets of Bangladesh: a literature review

Bangladesh has been suffering from rampant food adulteration for the last few decades. Dishonest businessmen use formalin illegally as preservative to prevent spoilage and increase shelf‐life of fish. Prolonged consumption of formalin adulterated fish may cause serious health hazards (i.e. cancers) which lead to increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of the review was to examine the extent and magnitude of illegal formalin treatment in fish sold in domestic markets of Bangladesh. A systematic review was conducted using conventional databases and non‐conventional approaches to identify the relevant studies. Out of nine studies, eight confirmed the presence of formalin in fish collected from the markets of four main cities. Large and imported fishes were found to be mainly affected. Formalin adulterated fish was reported in seven studies. The fish were tested using a locally developed kit, and the amount of formalin treated fish ranged between 0.5 and 50%. Two other studies used the spectrophotometric method and reported specific formalin levels. The study conducted in Dhaka found mean levels of formalin to be 402.35 mg/kg in imported fishes and 118.60 mg/kg in local fishes which were much higher than the WHO recommended levels. In another study conducted in Mymensingh, formalin levels ranged between 1.4 and 7.3 mg/kg in both marketed and freshly caught pond fishes. The use of accurate, simple, specific and sensitive techniques is therefore highly recommended. The government and other agencies should address the issue as a priority basis by formulating effective policies and programs to safeguard the health of the public.     

网箱鱼类排泄物收集碳汇系统与生态效能研究

为加快推进新时期现代渔业建设,探索开发、利用、保护大、中型农用灌溉水库与发电水库等蓝色国土资源的良好途径,通威股份有限公司于2009年4月,立项研究水库投饵网箱鱼类排泄物收集系统,以寻求一套生态、健康、循环养殖模式。本试验就水库网箱养殖过程中,鱼粪污染问题的解决办法做了多方面的探讨,包括鱼粪和残饵的收集、生物净化、放养模式等,并集成当前生态、健康、高效养殖技术进行对比试验,以期达到获得最好的生态、经济、社会效益。新型生态投饵网箱,实现了水库网箱箱体结构系统的创新。通过物理净化技术的支撑,并在外箱放养清洁型鱼类和箱外浮岛种蔬菜等生物净化系统结合,显著降低了水库网箱养殖对水体的污染程度的同时,增加了种植附加值和渔业碳汇,为实现"藏粮于水"打下了基础,并构建水产品质量安全追溯体系,为确保水产食品安全和渔民持续增收做出新贡献。     

植酸酶在无胃鱼饲料中的应用

植酸酶是一种新型、绿色饲料添加剂，它不仅可以提高鱼类对磷的利用率，而且还可以提高鱼类的生产性能，降低磷的排泄量，减少环境污染．该文综述了植酸酶在无胃鱼饲料中应用的现状，探讨了其应用中所遇到的问题及发展前景．     

Fish consumption: efficacy among fishermen of a brochure developed for pregnant women

The risk to human consumers from contaminants in fish is often dealt with by issuing consumption advisories, or in some cases, information brochures. Normally advisories and brochures are developed and tested with anglers. We examine the efficacy of a fish consumption brochure that was developed for pregnant women on people engaged in fishing in the Newark Bay Complex. The brochures were in English and Spanish, and subjects could read and be interviewed in either language. Of the 151 people interviewed, 32% were women, 58% spoke only English, 22% spoke mainly Spanish and the rest felt comfortable with both languages. There were no differences in the percent that were present as a function of preferred language. There were significant differences in the understanding of the brochure, depending upon preferred language (and the language of the brochure). In general, anglers preferring Spanish and who read the brochure in Spanish obtained fewer of the messages correctly than those who preferred English (seven of seven questions). There were also gender differences in efficacy of the brochures; a higher percentage of female anglers thought that the fish were not safe to eat from the port and thought that eating contaminated fish from the port could harm their baby. Although the correct message was obtained by 34–100% of the anglers, depending upon the question, and 60–75% of the anglers believed the pamphlet, only 16% (Spanish‐speaking) to 47% (Bilingual) planned on changing the species of fish they eat or the method of cooking. These data suggest that a pamphlet designed for pregnant women is useful for anglers, and they can obtain the ‘correct’ message from it. However, a relatively small percentage of subjects were persuaded to change their cooking or consumption behavior. In addition to television, subjects felt that the direct approach of distributing brochures face‐to‐face was an important method of communication of fish consumers.     

Role of self-caught fish in total fish consumption rates for recreational fishermen: average consumption for some species exceeds allowable intake

Studies of fish consumption focus on recreational or subsistence fishing, on awareness and adherence to advisories, consumption patterns, and contaminants in fish. Yet the general public obtains their fish from commercial sources. In this paper I examine fish consumption patterns of recreational fishermen in New Jersey to determine: (1) consumption rates for self-caught fish and for other fish, (2) meals consumed per year, (3) average meal size, and average daily intake of mercury, and (4) variations in these parameters for commonly-consumed fish, and different methods of computing intake. Over 300 people were interviewed at fishing sites and fishing clubs along the New Jersey shore. Consumption patterns of anglers varied by species of fish. From 2 to 90% of the anglers ate the different fish species, and between 9 and 75% gave fish away to family or friends. Self-caught fish made up 7–92% of fish diets depending upon species. On average, self-caught fish were eaten for only 2–6?months of the year, whereas other fish (commercial or restaurant) were eaten up to 10?months a year. Anglers consumed from 5 to 36 meals of different fish a year, which resulted in intake of mercury ranging from 0.01 to 0.22?μg/kg/day. Average intake of Mako shark, swordfish, and tuna (sushi, canned tuna, self-caught tuna) exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency’s oral, chronic reference dose for mercury of 0.1?μg/kg/day. However, computing intake using consumption for the highest month results in average mercury intake exceeding the reference dose for striped bass and bluefish as well. These data, and the variability in consumption patterns, have implications for risk assessors, risk managers, and health professionals.     

构建淄博市优质冷水鱼产业集群路径及措施

淄博市南部山区山泉冷水资源丰富,水质清澈,无污染,常年水温恒定在14~16℃之间。20世纪80年代中期开始陆续引进虹鳟、金鳟、鲟鱼等冷水性鱼类进行人工养殖,为当地农村经济发展和渔农增收做出了积极贡献。但近几年,由于鱼池老化失修、品种单一退化、鱼病频繁发生、技术创新不足、市场开拓不力等矛盾日益凸显,养殖利润空间几乎被挤占殆尽,养殖产业受到极大冲击。本文提出构建优质冷水鱼产业集群的路径及措施,旨在按照现代渔业发展的要求,整合各种资源,发挥集群效应,为当地冷水鱼产业健康发展提供一种尝试。