当代美国住宅的思考

美国2000年新建住宅投资4251亿美元，占固定资产投资的21．3％；住宅直接消费为9588亿美元，占GDP的9．71％；年存量住宅为1．16亿套(户)，空置率为5．9％。购买新房一般中值价为80美元／ft^2，一套住宅(2000ft^2)中值房价为16万美元；按中值计算贷款购房的支出与收入比为1：4．7；在美国仍有3500万户居民租用住宅。     

东北老工业基地改造中的政府职能定位

振兴东北老工业基地的关键在于塑造一批在国际市场中有竞争力的、混合所有制性质的超大型企业集团。为此,中央政府应承担国有企业发展过程中形成的历史包袱;对资源枯竭型城市给予专项补贴;对东北土地流转和整合试点给予特别政策;成立由中央政府牵头的东北老工业基地改造协调领导小组。     

石化行业中的经验曲线效应

经验曲线是美国著名波士顿咨询公司开拓的管理预测概念和工具之一，回顾经验曲线的起源及发展，总结了有关石化行业中的经验曲线效应现象，即：典型的大宗化工产品的固定成本的长期趋势存在明显的双倍斜率约为25％的经验曲线效应；同时单位固定资产投资也存在着双倍斜率为25％～63％的经验曲线效应。指出经验曲线是预测大宗化学品固定成本和投资长期趋势的一个有效实用的工具，并就国内应用经验曲线时应注意的问题及想法进行了探讨。     

Inference with Dependent Data in Accounting and Finance Applications

We review developments in conducting inference for model parameters in the presence of intertemporal and cross‐sectional dependence with an emphasis on panel data applications. We review the use of heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) standard error estimators, which include the standard clustered and multiway clustered estimators, and discuss alternative sample‐splitting inference procedures, such as the Fama–Macbeth procedure, within this context. We outline pros and cons of the different procedures. We then illustrate the properties of the discussed procedures within a simulation experiment designed to mimic the type of firm‐level panel data that might be encountered in accounting and finance applications. Our conclusion, based on theoretical properties and simulation performance, is that sample‐splitting procedures with suitably chosen splits are the most likely to deliver robust inferential statements with approximately correct coverage properties in the types of large, heterogeneous panels many researchers are likely to face.     

电力企业同业对标管理的研究

同业对标是现代企业管理的重要手段,它要求公司各级要提高认识,加强同业对标工作的组织及领导,加强组织协调,加大工作力度,发挥专业部门的主导作用,强化管理改进,促进指标的优化提升。     

机会成本、历史成本和固定成本* ——基于主观主义经济学的解释

新古典经济学在成本的论述上，并没有坚持机会成本观，与其“个人选择”的逻辑起点冲突。而主观主义经济学在成本观阐述上，坚持了“个人选择”。本文以主观主义经济学的思想为前提，采用逻辑演绎的方式系统论证了如下命题：（1）如果“机会成本”等同于效用，那么，非货币性收益是如何从证券定价函数中消失的？（2）记录企业过去行为结果的历史成本制度，在什么前提下，能够传递出对证券定价有用的信息？（3）固定成本和变动成本是否会导致个体决策上的差异？本文得到如下结论：（1）陌生人社会的崛起，委托人和代理人之间非货币性收益的不可转让性，导致对证券的定价，无需考虑非货币性收益；（2）在企业的最终产出受到人力资本异质性和外部资源冲击，而这两者无法直接定价时，记录企业过去一段时间的行为结果，将有助于间接预测不同证券持有的机会成本；（3）受制于要素交易契约形式的外生性和市场按类别交易，固定成本与变动成本将会带来不同的决策风险，进而需要对其做出区分。     

How much can we trust China’s investment statistics?

Abstract

Building upon recent research into the underestimation of China’s official final consumption expenditure, this paper investigates the quality of China’s investment data. We strictly follow the official method to estimate the annual gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) expenditure from 2004 to 2012, and the resulting figures are significantly different from the official statistics. This implies that the ‘total investment in fixed assets’ data, which are the primary source for the estimation of GFCF, grossly exaggerate actual investments, and that the official GFCF figures are not, strictly speaking, independently estimated, as they are purported to be. We deduce that the official gross capital formation figure is more or less a residual item obtained by subtracting final consumption and net exports from the official GDP figure that is calculated based on the production-cum-income approach. As a result, the underestimation of China’s consumption expenditure automatically translates into overestimation of investment expenditure. We conclude that China’s official consumption and investment statistics cannot be trusted as the basis for policy discussions and academic research.     

Normal utilization rate in the Sraffa framework

This paper deals with the normal utilization rate in the Sraffa framework. It further presents two arguments about the utilization controversy surrounding the neo-Kaleckian theory of growth and distribution: First, it shows that the normal utilization rate is generally not independent of demand and the growth rate, and this result does not rely on the neo-classical production function and other restrictive assumptions. Second, it argues that endogenizing the normal utilization rate is not a general solution for the utilization controversy.     

基于NETSTARS运用定床水理原理在河道疏浚中的应用

疏浚大多用于河道的过分淤积,拓宽则用于通水隘口的消除。而随着时空的演变河床疏浚与河槽拓宽的进行所需考虑的因子越来越多,故疏浚进行前应尽量考量整个河道的河性以及施工后可能引致的变动,使能维持预期的效果,并避免造成负面效应。本文主要以涧河为研究对象,利用NETSTARS拟似二维水理输砂模式,探讨河道疏浚后的水理与输砂演变趋势等相关课题。     

The Role of Financial Ratios in the Variance of Stock Trading Volume in Emerging Stock Markets

The study used quarterly panel data of 6 years from 2010 to 2015 of all companies listed on both Vietnamese stock markets including the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange and Ha Noi Stock Exchange, and on three leading industries consisting of insurance-banking, foodstuff, and real estate to explore the relationship among four key financial ratios and stock trading volume. Two models, fixed effects model (FEM) and random effects model (REM), with robust standard errors, were applied for this study. The key findings showed that earnings before tax on sales, debt on owner’s equity, and owner’s equity on total assets significantly influenced trading volume.