Attitudinal change in children: An insight from three decade of advertising campaigns in India

Abstract

Exposure to advertisement is considered to be the primary source of indulgence and distraction for children. Past studies have treated children as both empowered and vulnerable. Empowered because after a certain age children become mature enough to understand the difference between entertainment and persuasion, but before reaching that stage children are extremely naïve. This paper aims to explore the changes in childrens’ attitude towards frequent changes in advertising campaigns with reference to a popular product of a famous chocolate multinational brand in India. Four focus groups comprising of 22 children of both the genders between the age group of 8–14 years participated in the study. Selective advertisement from a period of three decades (1983–2016) were chosen and shown to the children in a birthday party and their responses were collected. Congruency Theory of Social Psychology was applied for the analysis of the excerpts. The findings reveals that frequent changes in advertising campaigns create confusion in the minds of the children. The entertainment and empathy towards the advertisement were reduced considerably when the advertisement execution shifted from children to adults.     

Living arrangements of the elderly in China: evidence from the CHARLS national baseline

Declining fertility in China has raised concerns about elderly support, especially when public support is inadequate. Using rich information from the nationally representative China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) baseline survey, we describe the patterns of current living arrangements of the Chinese elderly and investigate their determinants and correlation with intergenerational transfers. We find that roughly 41% of Chinese aged 60 and over live with an adult child; living with a male adult child being strongly preferred. However another 34% have an adult child living in the same immediate neighborhood and 14% in the same county; only 5% have an adult child with none of them living in the same county. At the same time, a large fraction of the elderly, 45% in our sample, live alone or with only a spouse. In general, women, those from western provinces, and those from rural areas are more likely to live with or close to their adult children than their corresponding counterparts, but different types of intergenerational transfers play a supplementary role in the unequal distribution of living arrangements. Among non-co-resident children, those living close by visit their parents more frequently and have more communications by other means. In contrast, children who live farther away are more likely to send financial and in-kind transfers and send larger amounts.     

基于劳动力市场分割的劳动力流动模型的构建

国内外学者对于劳动力流动进行了大量深入的研究,成果颇丰.然而,由于历史的原因,我国在劳动力流动方面呈现出与其他国家不同的特性,目前,我国的劳动力市场尚未发展成熟,劳动力流动存在很严重的不合理现象.因此,结合我国的现实情况对其进行研究意义更加重大.本文试图结合以往学者的研究成果,构建基于劳动力市场分割的劳动力流动模型,对其进行深入的探讨,为实现劳动力的合理流动提供帮助.     

北京城市女性独生子女生育意愿和生育行为研究

利用北京市人口研究所两次独生子女问卷调查所获第一手资料,对北京城市女性独生子女婚育群体进行考察。在生育意愿方面,女性调查对象的意愿生育水平呈现偏低发展走向,但二孩生育意愿出现明显上升,不过对于生育"政策二孩"的选择呈现明显的矛盾心理和不确定性;在实际婚育状况方面,初婚初育时间在后移,婚后离开父母单独居住开始增多,孩子以双方父母照料为主。政府应积极鼓励双独夫妻生育两个孩子,发挥"政策二孩"生育对于缓解人口结构快速老化的功能。     

降低凝析油挥发性的措施

分析了南帕斯凝析油的物理性质及毒害性,针对南帕斯凝析油易挥发的特性在各个作业环节采取有效的安全防护措施、并对储存凝析油的专用储罐进行了优化改进。     

Effect of Migration on Children＇s Self-esteem in Rural China

China＇s rapid economic growth has been facilitated by its large volume of rural to urban migration. China ＇s projected future development, especially increasing urbanization, implies that such migration will further intensify. However, migration does not come without cost. There are concerns about the potential negative impacts of migration on children＇s care, education, and, in particular, the self-esteem of children left behind in villages where one or both parents have out-migrated to cities. In this paper, we employ unique survey data collected from Shaanxi Province, where more than 4700 ninth grade students from 36 rural junior high schools in five counties were surveyed in late 2011. The results show that having both parents migrate into cities significantly reduced children ＂s self-esteem. The effects are also gender sensitive. Girls that had a father or both parents who had out-migrated were inclined to have lower self-esteem than boys. Moreover, our study findings indicate that parental migration decreased children ＂s self-esteem more for individuals with initial low self-esteem.     

进城农民工子女义务教育经费保障问题研究——基于教育券视角

进城农民工子女义务教育既脱离了农村义务教育经费的保障,又没有真正纳入城市义务教育经费的保障范围,国内相关研究将此问题原因归结为经费保障问题。针对此问题,部分学者提出建立教育券制度,但并未详细分析其应用中的实际问题。本文旨在研究教育券制度在进城农民工子女义务教育领域中的应用,并提出相应建议。     

农民工分化与留守儿童流变——以安徽枞阳DS村为例

农民工分化与留守儿童流变的相关性研究是对留守儿童研究的拓进。安徽省枞阳县DS村的个案研究表明：当前农民工主体的新生代农民工也发生了横向上的职业分化和纵向上的岗位分层,初步形成了自立门户的工商业者、企业白领和完全依赖受薪的苦力从上到下的蜡烛台式的分层结构。留守儿童就是父母为外出务工谋生的农民工而守望着家园的法定劳动年龄以下的未成年人,留守儿童流变即是留守时期里发生的留守儿童由“留守”到“非留守”或非留守儿童由“非留守”到“留守”等的变化及其结果的确定。留守儿童次生于农民工,留守儿童流变决定于农民工分化,留守儿童流变的方向及其结果的确定也决定于农民工分化流动的水平及其分层位次等。因此,解决留守儿童问题的直接前提是农民工的销镕。     

Kids on board: methodological challenges,concerns and clarifications when including young children's voices in tourism research

A knowledge gap exists concerning the dearth of children's voices in tourism research. One of the main reasons for this is attributed to the methodological challenges that confront researchers when interacting with child respondents. Based on a recent study conducted with young children between the ages of 5 and 6 years, this article discusses five methodological issues to contemplate prior to conducting research with children. This article raises important considerations for children's developmental phase, the use of appropriate props and prompts during data collection, and the positionality and pre-requisites of the researcher when designing methodologies for research with children.     

农民工子女义务教育制度改革探析

近年来,中央政府要求流入地政府承担农民工子女义务教育责任的强制性制度安排,使农民工子女义务教育问题得到一定程度的解决。但流入地政府为减少负担往往采取卸责行为,导致农民工子女义务教育仍然存在一些比较严重的问题。因此。需要积极推动相关制度的改革。