流动人口不同归属情景下中国各地区人口老龄化形势

利用国家统计局提供的2000年人口普查0.95‰抽样原始数据,分析了人口流动对于中国不同地区人口老龄化形势的影响,按照“流动人口”的不同归属对于老龄化形势的影响效果,将全国分为三类地区:包括上海、北京、广东等大城市在内的“流动人口”减轻其老龄化压力的地区;江西、安徽、四川、湖南等“流动人口”加剧老龄化压力的地区;河北、内蒙古等“流动人口”对人口老龄化形势影响不明显的地区。     

流动人口对资源环境影响的综合效应分析——以广东省为例

流动人口是社会经济发展的重要因素,但也给城市的资源、环境造成巨大的冲击和压力。以流动人口的重要输入地——广东省为例,从外部资源环境与城市内部条件两个角度对流动人口对资源环境影响的效应进行分析,并提出流动人口与资源环境良性协调发展的政策建议。     

成年子女照料者角色经历的性别差异研究

通过对15名成年子女照料者的质性研究,"养儿防老"、"嫁夫随夫"、"男主外、女主内"和"女儿也是传后人"等新旧观念相互交织,成年子女在养老责任担当方面"性别差异"发生了新变化;儿子、女儿和儿媳照料经历也因此各不相同。成年子女的种种照料负担和压力反映了当前老龄化社会中独生子女家庭面临的照料困境,为家庭照料者提供各种社会支持服务是十分必要的。     

留守儿童心理问题的战略应对

留守儿童是我国近年来出现的一个热点和突出社会话题,其特定的身份及经历易产生消极的心理问题,已引起了很多心理学者的关注。积极心理学是20世纪在西方兴起的新的研究思潮,主张挖掘和培养人的积极心理品质,以应对生活的挑战和压力。本文基于积极心理学的相关研究成果,针对留守儿童的一些特定心理问题,提出了相应的干预措施,以期有助于留守儿童心理健康水平的提高。     

我国汇率制度的现状分析及改革策略

本文首先阐述了我国目前采取固定钉住汇率制度的原因,然后结合我国经济发展的走势对固定钉住汇率制的缺陷和管理浮动汇率制的优势进行了分析,得出了有管理的浮动汇率制度才是我国汇率制度的最佳选择。最后笔者对我国汇率制度实现由固定向浮动转变的政策建议。     

流动人口来京主要成因分析

流动人口来京的主要成因包括城市化因素、经济因素、区位因素、文化教育因素和交通设施因素五大方面。从城市化因素来看,北京的城市化进程是流动人口涌入北京的主要拉力,同时又影响着在京流动人口的区域分布;从经济因素来看,北京市经济增长与流动人口规模呈正相关关系,北京市产业结构决定了流动人口数量和结构及其分布;从区位因素来看,首都因素对人口流入的拉力效应明显,来京流动人口主要来自京津冀及环渤海区域,而且北京在全国特大城市中的竞争力也是其吸引人口流入的关键因素;从北京市的文化教育和城市基础设施因素来看,优质教育资源、历史文化名城的吸引力和包容性、全国交通枢纽地位和发达的城市基础设施是流动人口来京的重要推动因素。     

In the wake of conflict: the long-term effect on child nutrition in Uganda

The Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) insurgency from 1986 to 2006 is one of the longest conflicts in Uganda. This paper examines the effect of the LRA insurgency on child nutrition using the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. The distance from each village to the border of South Sudan is used as an instrument for identifying the intensity of the conflict. We find that each conflict event in a village lowers weight-for-age z-scores and weight-for-height z-scores for children born after the conflict. We further investigate a possible heterogeneous conflict effect on child nutrition in terms of gender, region, and maternal education. Low household wealth, limited access to healthcare, and poor maternal nutrition appear to be channels through which the conflict inhibits the growth and development of children 5 years after the end of the conflict.     

Parental perception of lunch schemes in Danish kindergartens: A cross-sectional survey

Children’s daily consumption of food in childcare institutions has an impact on their public health nutritional status. The collaboration of parents and employees of kindergartens is important to ensure healthy eating habits among the next generation. Consequently, evaluations of lunch schemes are important to provide a good foundation for enhancing communication between home and institutional settings. The aim of this article is to assess parental satisfaction and identify themes related to parental perceptions of lunch schemes in Danish kindergartens. A survey was developed and distributed in four kindergartens with lunch schemes. A combination of closed and open questions were used to evaluate satisfaction and identify positive and negative aspects of the lunch schemes. Parents of 93 children participated in the study and the response rate was 55%. Eighty-nine percent expressed satisfaction with their children’s lunch scheme. According to parents, the most positive aspects were that lunch schemes serve a variety of food, their ability to prevent neophobia, that children learn that eating is a social occasion, and that the arrangements offer convenience to parents. The negative aspects identified were the lack of communication between the kindergarten childcare institutions and the parents regarding the food. Overall, parents are very satisfied with their children’s lunch schemes; however, the information between institutions and parents could be improved.     

What Initiatives Are British Food Retailers Taking to Improve Children’s Health and Nutrition?

Along with food manufacturers, retailers contribute directly to the national diet. While efforts to reformulate private-label products have been assessed, little research considers other voluntary initiatives to impact public health. We explore efforts targeting children’s health and nutrition. Making use of the corporate social responsibility reports of the seven leading retailers from 2006 to 2011, we examine the types of actions, by which retail chains and when. Before 2008, most retailers reported on initiatives promoting children’s nutrition education and physical activity in schools. Since 2009, references to such programs have decreased, with a shift toward child wellness. We find that retailers differ in approaches and commitment. Those with larger market shares mention initiatives more frequently. Most activities are related to nutrition education, developing cooking skills, and promotion of physical activity and not product reformulation. Our research suggests these efforts are not coordinated, might be misplaced, and do not persist over time.     

Beach safety education for primary school children

Childhood drowning remains a serious public health problem worldwide. The Australian Water Safety Council has set as one of its highest priorities the reduction of drowning deaths in children aged 0–14 years. However, concerns have recently been raised that many students completing primary school still lack the ability to recognize potential aquatic risks, cope with emergencies or assist someone else in danger. In this study, 107 primary school children aged 11–12 completed a one day training programme led by surf lifesaving instructors. Pre, post and eight week follow-up measures showed statistically significant improvements in recognition of the red ‘beach closed’ flag, aquatic safety signs, how to identify a rip current and choosing the safest place to swim at a beach that included a rip current in the picture. Following training students were more willing to provide first aid assistance to family members and friends in an emergency situation. Findings reinforce the value of school-based training that provides a general foundation for aquatic safety, with the caveat that current programmes must be evaluated to ensure their content has a robust prevention focus.