公共选择视角下的城市流动商贩管理

公共选择理论认为,公共物品的供给是通过不同利益集团之间实现均衡的政治过程决定。为此,对城市流动摊贩的管理取决于流动摊贩及其相关利益者需求的均衡。通过对化州市流动摊贩和市民的调查,进而得出结论,对于流动摊贩的管理,从近期来看,必须为其提供通过流动经营享有社会发展带来普遍利益的途径,方法上应以＂疏导＂为主,辅之以＂限制＂。从长远来看,化解流动经营与城市管理矛盾的根本途径,在于建设和完善面向弱势群体的社会保障和服务机制。     

The impact of Nepal's earthquake on the health status of rural children

We study the impact of Nepal's 2015 earthquake on the health status of children aged 0–5 years. Using a difference-in-differences approach we find that the earthquake decreased height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) and that this effect is largely driven by females, who experienced an average decline of −0.763 standard deviations in their HAZ. Further, we find that females in the 0–3 years age group and in the least wealthy households are the most vulnerable. This is particularly unfortunate, as the first 3 years of life can impact long-term health and well-being, and female undernutrition contributes to the intergenerational transmission of poverty and ill health.     

论对少年儿童阅读倾向的引导

正确认识和引导少年儿童的阅读倾向,并以此把握不同年龄段少年儿童的阅读规律,培养其健康的阅读兴趣和良好的阅读习惯,是图书馆少年儿童工作的重要职责。     

小儿腹泻的病因研究及对策

小儿腹泻是多病因多因素引起的以腹泻和电解质紊乱为主的一组临床综合症,发病年龄以6个月～2岁婴幼儿最多见,一年四季均可发病,造成小儿营养不良,生长障碍,严重者可引起脱水和电解质紊乱,甚至危急生命。治疗和护理小儿腹泻提倡采用中西医结合的方法,应从小儿生活起居护理、饮食护理等方面,根据其病因、症状、体征采用相应的护理对策。     

影响少儿读者心理健康的因素及对策

消极复杂的社会环境给少儿读者心理健康带来不良影响，应该充分重视这一社会问题，采取有效措施提高少儿读者的心理素质，加强道德建设，保证未成年人健康成长。     

银川市暂住流动人口的调查与研究

通过调查 ,对宁夏回族自治区暂住流动人口最为集中、流动量也最大的首府银川市所辖三个城市区的流动人口做了分析 ,从理论和实践上提出了对宁夏城市流动人口的相关对策     

Pre‐school staffs’ attitudes toward foods in relation to the pedagogic meal

The aim of this study, with the pedagogic meal in focus, was to identify pre‐school staff members’ attitudes to the role of food and meals as part of daily activities at pre‐school. Interviews were carried out at 12 pre‐schools and a total of 34 pre‐school staff participated. The staff revealed strong opinions as well as ambivalence towards how food and meals should best be integrated into their daily work and pedagogic activities. The pre‐school staffs’ lack of or insufficient education and knowledge regarding food and nutrition resulted in an ambivalent and uncertain situation with respect to how they should see themselves as teachers in the meal situation. Nevertheless, most of the staff had a clear perception of what it meant to practice a pedagogic meal. It meant helping and encouraging the children to help themselves and serving as an adult model for the children at table, though this pedagogic activity was uncommon. While the staff were satisfied with the pre‐schools’ role of catering for the children, they expressed concern about or even mistrust towards the children's parents. Despite, or perhaps due to, their inadequate knowledge about food and nutrition and the lack of specific aims for the pedagogic meal, they assumed that the public sector was a better educational institution regarding foods and a better guarantor for children's food habits and dietary intake. As the teachers’ identities have changed over the past years they have not yet found a solid ground for determining how food and meals could be integrated into their everyday work as pre‐school teachers and childminders.     

Children's perception of dinner conversation with parents in Japan

The children's perception of dinner and dinner conversation with their parents was surveyed for sixth‐grade students of elementary school in Japan. The data were analysed from the gender of children and attending parents. The children had dinner and dinner conversation more frequently with their mother than with their father. With father attendance, girls and boys had the same frequency of dinner and dinner conversation, although, with mother attendance, girls had dinner conversation more frequently than boys. Most of the children felt happy when they had dinner with their parents. However, a lower percentage of children felt happy when having dinner conversation with their parents, thought that they were important to their parents and thought dinner conversation was useful. More children felt happy during dinner and dinner conversation with their mother than with their father. However, there was no perceived difference in the usefulness of the conversation based on the father or the mother attending. The contents of conversation were greatly affected by which parent was attending. Subjects concerning children's manners were talked about more frequently in conversation with mothers than with fathers. Children had more frequent conversations with their father about ‘social issues’ and the ‘parents’ surroundings’ than with their mother. Girls had more frequent conversations on a wider variety of subjects with their mothers than boys. Girls could more easily share in their mothers’ knowledge or sense of values through dinner conversation. Boys were, for the most part, excluded from this process in conversation with either parent.     

Balancing Work and Family Life during the Life Course

This paper discusses how work and family obligations can be better reconciled in EU countries by adopting a life-course perspective. It stresses that longer and deeper involvement in paid employment allows people to exploit their longer life to reconcile the two ambitions of, first, investing in the next generation as a parent and, second, pursuing a fulfilling career in paid work. Greater flexibility of working time over the life course requires more individual responsibility for financing leave. Moreover, rather than shielding older insiders through employment protection, labor-market institutions should enable parents of young children to easily enter and remain in the labor market. Finally, more activating social assistance and in-work benefits should replace passive income support for breadwinners. This paper is a revised draft of a paper prepared for high-level expert conference on the Social Policy Agenda for the European Union on October 28/29 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The author thanks Evert Jan van Asselt, Peter Cuyvers, Henk Don, Bas Jacobs, Ruud de Mooij, Wouter Roorda, Martijn de Wildt and two anonymous referees for helpful comments on earlier drafts, and Peter Cuyvers, Laura Thissen, and Wouter Roorda for research assistance.     

对我国外汇管理体制改革的思考

近年来,国际上要求人民币升值的呼声渐高,要求人民币汇率更加灵活。本文对建立真正管理浮动汇率制度和进行外汇管理体制改革进行了探讨,认为新的汇率制度及外汇管理体制能够增强人民币汇率的灵活性,并有助于改善央行制定执行货币政策的独立性。