农户参与食品质量安全追溯体系的意愿与影响因素——以北京市蔬菜种植户为例

基于北京市149个蔬菜种植户的调查数据,探讨影响农户参与食品质量安全追溯体系意愿的影响因素。在此基础上,运用二元Logit模型实证考察了各因素对农户参与意愿的作用,结果表明:农户对食品质量安全追溯体系的认知程度较低,参与食品质量安全追溯体系的意愿不强;受教育程度、种植规模、商品化程度、风险及价格预期和政府的补贴与扶持是影响农户参与食品质量安全追溯体系的最主要因素。政府应该多渠道完善各项制度,建立起有效的保障机制,促进食品质量安全可追溯体系的健康、持续推进。     

我国食品行业波动特征与周期划分

根据增长型经济波动定义,本文利用基于增长率变化的时间序列数据,描述了我国食品行业结构、价格、固定资产净值、产值、增加值、利润等指标的波动变化过程,发现我国食品行业不仅存在波动,而且波动的频率和波动幅度都要明显于我国GDP的波动。通过H-P滤波法对食品行业产出进行趋势成分和波动成分的分解,结果表明我国食品行业从1980-2009年出现过8个波动周期,且外部冲击因素增加,波动幅度加强。     

探究食品企业品牌建设与提升对策

品牌是企业的重要资产,是企业在市场竞争无形要素中最核心的要素,是培育企业核心竞争力的重要支撑。针对食品企业品牌存在的定位不明确、品牌形象不鲜明与缺乏创新能力、品牌维护力度不强等问题,食品企业建设与提升品牌,应提高对品牌资产重要性的认识;突出品牌个性,进行恰当的品牌定位;增强企业研发和创新能力,创立企业自主品牌;适度进行品牌延伸和规模扩张,壮大企业规模;科学宣传,提高品牌的知名度与培养高素质的品牌经营人才。     

WTO协定在食品安全争端中的适用及最新发展

WTO体制中的食品安全争端可能适用的法律规则包括GATT、《TBT协定》和《SPS协定》。虽然上述协定都可能适用于食品安全争端,但在具体案件中,则需要适用特别法优先于普通法的法律选择规则,但也并非没有例外。在最近的澳大利亚苹果案和美国禽肉措施案中,由于系争措施的技术性质,专家组和上诉机构适用了《SPS协定》予以规范。从长期来看,《SPS协定》适用于食品安全争端会成为趋势。     

Consumers' perceptions of food packaging: an exploratory investigation in Potchefstroom,South Africa

Consumers form perceptions of various food products through their comprehension of the visual stimuli on food packaging that attract their attention. These perceptions directly affect their purchasing decision at the point of purchase, which emphasizes the importance of attention‐capturing packaging attributes. However, little research is available regarding consumers' perceptions of food packaging, especially in the South African context. This study aimed to explore a sample of South African consumers' perceptions of food packaging and how these perceptions were formed through the perceptual process. A qualitative, exploratory study was conducted by means of 25 semi‐structured interviews and through the use of ambiguous mock packaging as a projective technique. Participants were questioned regarding their general perceptions of food packaging. The attention‐capturing ability of packaging as well as consumers' interpretation of this packaging after exposure to the mock packaging was also discussed. Findings from the study indicated that participants mainly based their perception of food packaging on its functional (being purposive, recyclable and informative) and physical attributes (being attractive, of high quality and hygienic). This study also indicated that information and visual attributes of packaging are important to gain consumers' attention in‐store. Participants' comprehension of packaging included general associations of specific food products with certain types of packaging, such as associations with quality and shelf life. Negative associations with packaging mostly entailed difficulty to handle the product, poor quality of the product and environmental problems. This study identifies those product attributes that participants regarded as the most important stimuli for forming positive perceptions regarding food packaging. It is important for manufacturers to pay attention to the information on perceptions that was gained in this study, as it might help them to create packaging that better fulfil consumer needs. These findings could also be applied in a larger study of a quantitative nature, which will ultimately result in more positive consumer shopping experiences and consumer satisfaction regarding food packaging.     

大力发展现代粮食第三方物流

粮食物流的效率直接关系粮食安全。我国粮食物流的现状及第三方物流的专业优势,决定着我国必须大力发展粮食第三方物流,这是我国实现粮食物流现代化、保障粮食安全的重要举措。     

食品安全问题的原因审视与安全保障体系的构建

食品安全问题涉及供应方、需求方、监管方三方利益相关者,健全食品安全保障体系,食品供应方需要提高责任、法律和道德意识,规范生产经营水平,从源头上杜绝有害食品产生;食品需求方需要提高食品安全知识和自我保护能力,积极参与对食品安全的社会监督;食品监管方需要完善法律法规,增强行政监管能力,提高技术监管水平,提高食品安全违法成本,构建完善的安全监管体系.     

Rethinking the global food crisis: The role of trade shocks

Although fundamental factors were clearly responsible for shifting the world to a higher food price equilibrium in the years leading up the 2008 food crisis, there is little doubt that when food prices peaked in June of 2008, they soared well above the new equilibrium price. Numerous arguments have been proposed to explain overshooting, including financial speculation, depreciation of the United States (US) dollar, low interest rates, and reductions in grain stocks. However, observations that international rice prices surged in response to export restrictions by India and Vietnam suggested that trade-related factors could be an important basis for overshooting, especially given the very tangible link between export volumes and export prices. In this paper, we revisit the trade story by closely examining monthly data from Thailand (the largest exporter of rice), and the United States (the largest exporter of wheat and maize and the third largest exporter of soybeans). In all cases except soybeans, we find that large surges in export volumes preceded the price surges. The presence of these large demand surges, together with back-of-the-envelope estimates of their price impacts, suggests that trade events played a much larger and more pervasive role than previously thought.     

How would Swiss consumers decide if they had freedom of choice? Evidence from a field study with organic,conventional and GM corn bread

In 2005, the Swiss expressed their negative attitude towards genetic engineering in agriculture by voting in favor of a ban to use genetically modified (GM) crops in domestic agriculture. At the same time, certain GM food products remain approved but are not on offer since retailers assume that consumers would shun labeled GM food. In our study we tested this claim by conducting a large-scale field study with Swiss consumers. In our experimental design, three clearly labeled types of corn bread were offered at five different market stands across the French and German-speaking part of Switzerland: one made with organic, one made with conventional, and one made with genetically modified (GM) corn. In addition, we tested the consistency between purchasing decision at the market stand and the previous voting decision on GMOs in 2005 by means of an ex-post questionnaire. The results of our discrete choice analysis show that Swiss consumers treat GM foods just like any other type of novel food. We conclude from our findings that consumers tend to appreciate transparency and freedom of choice even if one of the offered product types is labeled as containing a genetically modified ingredient. Retailers should allow consumers to make their own choice and accept the fact that not all people appear to be afraid of GM food.     

延长水稻产业链改变“强稻弱米”现状

水稻技术为解决中国乃至世界的粮食需求问题发挥着越来越重要的作用。针对中国“强稻弱米”的现状,分析了水稻产后处理与加工方面存在的问题,提出了降低水稻产后损失以及提高资源利用率和食用率同样是保障粮食安全的重要途径的观点．为此论述了建立新型经济模式对水稻产业发展的重要性。