我国粮食补贴政策体系的构建与完善

我国的粮食补贴政策,经历了由间接补贴到直接补贴发展的过程。现行的粮食补贴政策,在促进粮食增产、农民增收,确保国家粮食安全方面,发挥了积极的作用。但是在政策的实施过程中,也确实存在着一些不容置疑的问题,针对粮食补贴政策中存在的主要不足,就如何完善我国的粮食补贴政策,更好地实现政策目标,进行了思考并提出相应的建议。     

六安瓜片绿色产品可持续开发的生态环境研究--以六安华山名优茶开发中心生产基地为例

按照绿色食品产地环境质量标准,六安华山名优茶开发中心已经采取改善六安瓜片生产基地环境有效措施;在分析六安瓜片生产存在的优势和问题的基础上,提出瓜片绿色产品可持续开发的对策。     

食品中农药残留前处理及检测技术进展

由于农药残留引发的食品中毒事件时有发生,食品安全已受到人们的广泛关注和重视。因此加强对农药残留分析方法的研究和加大对农药残留的检测力度非常重要。本文对近年来食品中农药残留分析的样品处理和检测方法进行了较为全面的概述,并提出了农药残留分析的发展趋势。     

Efficiency and productivity of the food and beverage listed firms in the pre-recession and recessionary periods in Greece

This study uses data envelopment analysis to examine the liquidity and sales efficiency of the Food and Beverage listed firms in Athens Exchange in the period 2006–2012. The liquidity efficiency of the firms is higher than the sales efficiency but the results indicate that there are not statistical significant differences in the rankings estimated by the two models in each period. The Malmquist Productivity Index reveals that over the period of the study, firms have experienced an annual average increase in productivity of 0.5% (a slight progress). On examining the components of this productivity change, it becomes evident that firms have experienced an annual average of 2% increase in technology combined with a decrease in technical efficiency of –1.5%. The results indicate that 52.4% of the firms experienced productivity gains in the examined period, and this was mainly the result of technological gain rather than efficiency improvement. More than 90% of the firms in the sample shift the efficiency frontier and only 33.3% of the firms are catching up, improving their productivity by reducing inefficiency. Moreover, the empirical study reveals that the overall technical inefficiencies of the firms are primarily caused by pure technical inefficiencies rather than scale inefficiencies.     

北京市畜禽产品质量安全监管绩效多主体综合指标体系构建与评估

[目的]为完善北京市畜禽产品质量安全监管体系,提高北京市畜禽产品质量安全水平,进一步保障居民健康和社会稳定,构建包含政府、企业、消费者的多主体综合指标体系,对北京市畜禽产品质量安全监管绩效进行全面的评估。[方法]基于平衡计分卡,从工作业绩、相关利益体、内部管理、学习与成长4个维度构建监管绩效综合指标体系;运用层次分析法确认各层指标的权重,并采用模糊综合评价法实证评估北京市畜禽产品质量安全的监管绩效。[结果]北京市畜禽产品质量安全监管绩效综合评分达到4.17,监管绩效处于良好水平,并高于全国畜禽产品质量安全监管绩效平均水平;学习与成长维度监管绩效水平最高,但工作业绩与相关利益体维度存在一定的薄弱部分,对生产经营企业的监管力度和对消费者、社会组织的动员需要进一步加大。[结论]北京市畜禽产品质量安全监管绩效良好,但仍需完善。     

浅析食品企业标准编制中存在的问题及对策

食品作为关系到老百姓切身利益的特殊产品,一直是国家政府部门监管的重点对象,特别是“三鹿婴幼儿奶粉”事件发生后,国内外高度关注中国食品安全和产品质量。笔者认为在这个特殊的形势下,标准作为企业组织生产的依据,衡量产品质量和指导生产的技术文件,作用凸显。2009年初通过对湖南省近300家食品类企业标准进行了清查,通过数据分析,发现企业的产品标准编制过程中存在有效性、合法性、规范性、适应性4个方面存在的共性问题,并提出相应对策建议以供探讨。     

西安世园会餐饮服务设施配置方案浅析

规划餐饮服务设施点是为了在世园会期间,解决游客高峰期就餐难的问题。首先根据世园会各大景点的布局,运用线性目标函数法,对餐饮服务设施点的位置进行分析研究。然后分析了人流量的分布和游客的购买概率,对服务设施点分布位置进行优化。同时,运用绿色物流配送流程保证服务质量和效率,以满足游客的需求。最后,阐述了在达到餐饮服务要求的基础上,服务设施点进行扩大化利用。     

The complexity of food choices in an everyday context

This study aims to understand the complexity of food choices in an everyday household context. The qualitative data are based on homemakers’ (n = 18) context‐specific accounts of their choice of milk brand, i.e. milk varieties with different fat contents (noted in a 4‐day qualitative food diary and a semi‐structured interview based on the diary). These accounts were considered an approximation of real food choices in households. The necessity of making compromises between contradictory expectations makes food choices, as well as milk brand choices, problematic. The homemakers' accounts involve various levels affecting household activities. At the individual level, the most important motive of choice is the taste and practical use of a product. At the level of households, the traditions stemming from one's childhood and the social aspect of acknowledging other family members’ taste preferences are important. The influence at the level of society and culture leads towards healthier choices, e.g. by providing examples of new, healthier food habits. Here, the special nature of everyday knowledge is emphasized as context dependent. This provides a complementary view to the more traditional, cognitive views of studying the relationship between knowledge of nutrition and food choices. Choices are determined not only by stimulus, cognition or societal structures, but are also constrained by everyday conditions, as well as by the activities of other people.     

新常态下生态农业的发展前景与对策———以河南省为例

农业是我国国民经济的基础,农业可持续发展直接关系到作为国家战略核心的粮食与食品安全问题。在经济社会发展步入新常态形势下,河南省作为我国农业大省在产业发展与结构调整方面坚持以增量带动结构优化、以创新促进产业升级,增量调整与存量优化并举。文章从新常态下生态农业问题入手,分析了人口压力、农业人口素质、劳动力转移风险及科技水平等方面所面临的挑战;并结合河南省当前农业发展的整体态势与发展生态农业的前景,指出在经济发展放缓与农业改革转型压力增强情况下河南省应通过发展生态农业来进一步加快农业现代化步伐,将发展生态农业作为农业工作的重要指标来全盘考虑;提出培育资源节约与环境友好型农业、培育高素质的职业农民、培育贯穿农业生产全过程的社会化服务体系、推进产业融合及发展特色农产品等建议。     

论我国食品安全监管中的政府道德责任

科学发展观的核心是以人为本,而食品安全问题直接关系公众健康。可以说,食品安全问题是民生问题、是政治经济问题,也是社会科学发展问题。多年来,中国政府不断加强食品安全立法和标准体系建设,健全食品安全监管体系,对食品实行严格的质量安全把关,在国际上加强食品安全的交流与合作,全社会的食品安全意识得到明显提高。但是食品安全问题仍然频频发生,这使人们对中国食品安全监管体制产生了许多的疑问,为什么食品安全得不到保障？是法律不完善,还是制度的缺失？是监管不到位,还是技术力量落后？从监管角度来看,问题的产生主要是由于食品安全事件中暴露出大量伦理问题及冲突,导致监管政府责任的虚化,监管不能有效实施。