美国作物品种改良技术在近代中国的引进与利用--以金陵大学农学院、中央大学农学院为中心的研究

近代以来，伴随着农业的资本主义化，美国农业出现了两次技术革命。由于农业革命而产生的先进的作物改良技术对近代中国的农业产生了极为深远的影响。作为中国最早成立农科以及第一所在华注册的美国教会大学的金陵大学和当时的全国教育重镇中央大学在近代中关两国的农业科技交流与合作中处于极其重要的地位。本文即以两校农学院为中心探讨美国的农作物改良技术在近代中国的引进和利用。     

Domestically produced food: Consumer perceptions of origin, safety and the issue of trust

It is becoming increasingly difficult for the public to attempt to assess risks using traditional methods such as smell, taste or other physical attributes of food. The existence of extrinsic cues such as the country of origin (COO) of food can help to make food purchase decisions easier for consumers. However, the use of extrinsic cues depends heavily on the extent to which consumers trust such signals to be indicative of quality or safety, which in turn depends on the credibility behind that cue. This paper aims to examine consumers association of domestically produced food with increased food safety standards and the association of COO and food safety information with socio-demographics and other aspects of consumer psychology such as attitudes, risk perception and trust. Using an ordered probit model, domestic production is examined as an extrinsic cue for food safety by looking at the relationship with trust in food safety information provided by national food standards agencies (NFSAs) and other socio-demographic characteristics, based on nationally representative data from 2725 face-to-face interviews across five European countries. Results suggest that domestic production of food is an extrinsic cue for food safety and as consumers place increasing importance on food safety they are more interested in food produced in their own country. This, coupled with consumer trust in a strong, and independent national food standards agency, suggests the potential exists for the increased consumption of domestically produced foods.     

Climate Smart Agriculture? Assessing the Adaptation Implications in Zambia

We examine a set of potentially climate smart agricultural practices, including reduced tillage, crop rotation and legume intercropping, combined with the use of improved seeds and inorganic fertiliser, for their effects on maize yields in Zambia. We use panel data from the Rural Incomes and Livelihoods Surveys merged with a novel set of climatic variables based on geo‐referenced historical rainfall and temperature data to explore the changing effects of these practices with climatic conditions. We estimate the impacts on maize yields, and also on the exhibition of very low yields and yield shortfalls from average levels, as indicators of resilience, while controlling for household characteristics. We find that minimum soil disturbance and crop rotation have no significant impact on these yield outcomes, but that legume intercropping significantly increases yields and reduces the probability of low yields even under critical weather stress during the growing season. We also find that the average positive impacts of modern input use (seeds and fertilisers) are significantly conditioned by climatic variables. Timely access to fertiliser emerges as one of the most robust determinants of yields and their resilience. These results have policy implications for targeted interventions to improve the productivity and the resilience of smallholder agriculture in Zambia in the face of climate change.     

统筹大兴安岭地区生态旅游业与绿色食品业发展的思考

以林业产业经营理论、可持续发展理论为指导，从挖掘大兴安岭地区的生态旅游业与绿色食品业之间的内在联系入手，分析了两大产业所具有的内在联系，以此为基础，论述了整合两大产业的发展资源，加大两大产业的联结力度的思路，指出应在发展思路上形成系统联合的思想，在发展资源上形成真正有效的共享，在发展措施上形成协调一致的安排，只有整合资源才能真正使生态旅游业与绿色食品业成为大兴安岭的支柱产业。提出两大产业的联合，主要应包括产业人员的合作、产业资源的共享、产业宣传活动的统筹和产业发展行为的联合。探索一条借助整合，扩大资源使用效率的思路，以期推进大兴安岭林区林业接续产业工作的发展。     

Recovering the Shadow Value of Nutrients

This article investigates the shadow values of twenty-eight different nutrients. It links the unit price of foods to the shadow values of nutrients by building on a utility theoretic model first proposed by Gorman. Maximum entropy principles are then used to reason consistently about the values of the parameters of interest. The resulting estimates are discussed and analyzed.     

Risk Perceptions, Risk Preference, and Acceptance of Risky Food

Consumers' risk preferences are often overlooked in studies of consumer demand for risky food. We find that risk preferences elicited through context-less lottery choices are significantly related to consumers' stated preferences for genetically modified (GM) food. These results suggest risk preferences elicited in the laboratory are not artificial in the sense that they appear to be related to the same risk preferences that govern other individual decisions such as food choice. Consistent with theoretical expectations, risk perceptions and risk preferences were found to be significant determinants of acceptance of GM food, which has important implications for explaining consumer behavior.     

我国绿色食品产业区域发展差异与策略

基于文献综述,构建了我国绿色食品产业区域发展能力评价指标体系,建立了以截面数据为基础的因子分析评价模型,并对我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的绿色食品产业发展能力进行了综合评价,对其主要影响因素进行了分析。最后,据此提出提高各区域绿色食品产业竞争优势的战略思路与对策。     

严控兽药残留,保障食品安全

随着西藏集约化畜牧业的快速发展,兽药的应用品种和数量也在不断增加,兽药残留作为动物源性食品安全性影响的重要因素.已成为人们普遍关注的一个热点问题。药物的代谢途径多种多样,除大多数由粪便排出体外,剩余部分会通过泌乳和产蛋等过程残留在乳和蛋等畜产品中。而残留的药物又可通过畜产品蓄积于人体内,导致其对人体产生毒害作用,为有效保障食品安全,做到从源头抓起,本文着重论证了怎样好规模化养殖场的兽药残留防控[1]。     

乐山餐饮老字号品牌建设探讨

乐山餐饮老字号品牌历史悠久,独具地方特色。在激烈的市场竞争中,乐山餐饮老字号企业必须树立品牌意识,加强品牌建设。文章从老字号品牌的概念入手,分析了乐山餐饮老字号品牌存在的问题,提出了品牌的传承和创新、加强餐饮老字号品牌传播力度、品牌形象重构、强化品牌管理、品牌延伸等品牌建设对策。