Location,governance, and strategic determinants of japanese manufacturing investment in the united states

A firm's decision to manufacture abroad depends on location, governance, and strategic factors. Governance factors are firm-specific. In spite of this, most empirical studies of foreign direct investment (FDI) have been conducted at the industry level (making it impossible to look at firm-specific determinants), and only a handful have considered governance, location, and strategic factors simultaneously. This paper is the first large sample study of the determinants of foreign direct investment at the product and firm-level. It examines the impact of location and governance factors, and of four types of strategic interactions, on a Japanese firm's propensity to manufacture in the U.S. The results support the view that foreign direct investment is explained by location, governance, and strategic variables. Economies of scale and trade barriers encourage Japanese FDI in the U.S. The larger a Japanese firm's R & D expenditures, the greater the probability it will manufacture in the U.S., but this is not the case for advertising expenditures. Some strategic factors are also important: Japanese firms with medium domestic market shares have the highest propensity to invest in the U.S. There is evidence of follow-the-leader behavior between firms of rival enterprise groups, but none of ‘exchange-of-threat’ between American and Japanese firms. Japanese investors are also attracted by concentrated and high-growth U.S. industries.     

国际贸易与国际绿色贸易的比较

WTO新一轮谈判的一个重要议题,就是要建立合理的规范,既解决贸易与环境间的矛盾,又不使贸易自由化受阻。绿色贸易已涉及到国际贸易的各个方面,也将是对一个国家综合经济实力提高能力的考验。     

The impact of jump risks on nominal interest rates and foreign exchange rates

This article investigates the relationship between the nominal interest rate and inflation and also the forward exchange rate under a general specification of the underlying processes govering the foreign exchange rate. There are three distinct risks that affect the relation between the real rate of interest and the nominal rate namely, consumption risk, diffusion risk, and the existence of jump risks of inflation. Jump risks lower the nominal interest rate because of jump hedging of a nominal bond. The forward exchange rate depends on the expected depreciation of the domestic currency as well as these three risks. As the domestic jump risks increase, the domestic nominal interest rate decreases and the forward exchange rate decreases.     

绿色贸易壁垒对我国外贸的影响及对策

随着经济全球化的不断推进,各国的保护措施从关税壁垒转向了非关税壁垒,面绿色贸易壁垒更是我国所遭遇的主要阻碍之一。因此,本文就绿色贸易壁垒的内涵和形式进行了认真研究,并分析其对我国外贸发展的不利影响,提出相应的对策建议。     

流通业的奥运机遇与对策

我国举办2008年奥运会,是发展首都经济强有力的助推器,同时将对北京流通业产生极大影响,以流通业为研究对象,在阐述北京流通产业的现状、问题分析基础上,深入探讨了流通业的发展机遇并提出应对措施。     

非关税壁垒对外贸的双重影响

非关税壁垒对中国企业的外贸既有不良影响，又有积极影响。非关税壁垒使得中国企业的产品在国际市场上受到各种壁垒的限制，使得企业遭受巨大损失，且随着时间的推移而愈演愈烈。同时，非关税壁垒又促使中国企业加大技术创新力度．实施知识产权战略，提高管理水平，提升产业和产品结构，进行企业之间的联合和协作，改善生态环境，走内涵武的发展道路。加强对国际市场的调查和研究，有利于提高中国企业的市场竞争力，为改善其未来的外贸出口局面，扩大更大赢利空间创造了条件。     

当前中美贸易摩擦问题的政策分析

由于中国已成为美国最大的贸易逆差来源,且这种贸易不平衡短期内不会解决,而中美贸易摩擦在未来较长时期却会存在。所以对该问题产生的背景原因、集中体现、结论对策进行深入分析就显得十分重要。     

我国中央银行外汇市场干预的现状、问题及对策

本文从分析中央银行外汇市场干预的主要渠道入手,总结出我国中央银行外汇市场干预的现状及存在的主要问题,最后结合人民币汇率制度的改革,提出了完善我国中央银行外汇市场干预的若干对策建议。     

我国纺织品遭遇特保的影响与策略

文章分析了与我国纺织品有关特保措施的特征,深入揭示了纺织品遭受特保的负面影响,并着重从纺织业自身角度探究了针对纺织品特保措施的应对策略。     

绿色贸易壁垒对我国出口贸易的影响与对策

绿色贸易壁垒是通过环境标准和法规等对自由贸易形成障碍的一种非关税措施。近年来,绿色贸易壁垒已经成为国际贸易领域中对自由贸易妨碍程度最深的一种贸易壁垒,它已经对中国产品出口造成了极为不利的影响。本文旨在研究我国产品出口屡遭发达国家绿色贸易壁垒阻碍的原因以及在WTO框架下我国应该采取什么措施来规避绿色贸易壁垒,解决因此而引发的贸易争端,进而合理地利用绿色贸易壁垒来保护环境和人类与动植物的健康,并促进我国出口贸易的发展。