A COMMENT ON MARKET FREE LUNCH AND FREE LUNCH

Frittelli (2004) introduced a market free lunch depending on the preferences of the agents in the market. He characterized no arbitrage and no free lunch with vanishing risk in terms of no market free lunch (the difference comes from the class of utility functions determining the market free lunch). In this note we complete the list of characterizations and show directly (using the theory of Orlicz spaces) that no free lunch is equivalent to the absence of market free lunch with respect to monotone concave utility functions.     

邓小平对解决社会基本矛盾的重大贡献

社会主义社会基本矛盾是社会主义建设中的一个重要问题。邓小平在社会主义社会基本矛盾的具体表现形式、解决的中心环节与途径、解决的方式等方面作出了重大贡献。     

Calibrating a Diffusion Pricing Model with Uncertain Volatility: Regularization and Stability

A regularized (smoothed) version of the model calibration method of 1 ) is studied. We prove that the regularized formulation is solvable and that the solution depends continuously on the input data (observed derivative security prices). Associated issues of model credibility, stability, and robustness (insensitivity to model assumptions) are discussed. The Implicit Function Theorem for Banach spaces is used for the stability proof, and some numerical illustrations are included.     

Using volume to prove Sperner’s Lemma

We provide a novel proof of Sperner’s Lemma that is intuitive and elementary if certain simple properties of Lebesgue measure are known. The research of A. McLennan is partly funded by the Australian Research Council grant DP0773324. This paper was partly written while he was a member of the Discipline of Economics, The University of Sydney. McLennan also gratefully acknowledges the hospitality of the Economic Theory Center of the University of Melbourne. The research of R. Tourky is partly funded by the Australian Research Council grant A00103450. This paper was partly written while he was a member of the Department of Economics, Purdue University.     

Minimax character of the two-sample χ2-test

Abstract  We consider the problem of testing equality of the mean vectors of two multivariate normal populations when covariates are present and the covariance matrix is known. As an application of the H unt -S tein theorem it is shown that the χ²-^-test of level a maximizes, among all level a tests, the minimum power on each of the contours where the χ²-^-test has constant power. A corollary is that the χ²-^-test is most stringent level a .     

The Generalized Composite Commodity Theorem and Food Demand Estimation

This article reports tests of aggregation over consumer food products and estimates of aggregate food demand elasticities. Evidence that food demand variables follow unit root processes leads us to build on and simplify existing tests of the Generalized Composite Commodity Theorem. We compute food demand elasticities using a method of cointegration that is shown to apply to a convenient but nonlinear functional form. Estimates are based on consumer reported expenditure data rather than commercial disappearance data.     

浅析发展非公有制林业应遵循的若干基本原则——非公有制林业发展研究之二

非公有制林业是我国林业的重要组成部分,发展非公有制林业是一个开拓性的课题,是一个复合的社会系统工程。在发展非公有制林业的过程中必须遵循一系列的基本原则,主要包括可持续发展原则、法制化原则、公众参与原则、稳定性和连续性原则、“效率优先,兼顾公平”原则和鼓励、规范及引导相结合原则等,并着重阐述了这些原则的内涵及具体要求。     

Bayesian selection of technology assumptions for the transformation from supply-use to input–output tables

ABSTRACT

In the construction of input–output models from supply-use tables, technology assumptions disambiguate how an industry uses inputs in the production recipe of multiple outputs. This paper uses Bayes' theorem to select technology assumptions, taking into account empirical observations. The paper presents a formulation to explore hybrids between product and industry technology assumptions in product-by-product tables. We then present Markov chain Monte-Carlo techniques to implement the Bayesian method for selecting technology assumptions. We apply the method in a case study using Eurostat supply-use tables of 2004 and 2005, exhibiting a volume of secondary products of less than 13%, and 59 products and industries per country. The results show that the choice of technology is not important, given that there is no strong evidence in favour of any of them.     

Análise da implementação de uma estratégia de investimento em ações baseada em um instrumento de apoio à decisão

The present study analyzes the interface between two disciplinary fields - finance and operational research. In this sense, it integrates two approaches to investment analysis - fundamental and technical, as well as an investor’s concern at the time of resources allocation in a Buy & Hold investment strategy. The study uses the Multicriteria Decision Aid (MCDA) as an instrument of intervention. As for results, it was evident that the instrument of intervention used, together with a pre-defined investment strategy, was able to support the decision maker at the time of allocation of resources, generating an accumulated return of 25.14 % in the period, compared with a negative return -13.41% of the Bovespa index in the same period. In order to check the robustness of results, regressions were performed with both the CAPM model as daily and weekly data, and the t test performed on the coefficients of the regression was significant at 1% for the abnormal return of weekly data and 0.1% for the return of abnormal daily data; in addition, the t-statistic was positive in both cases, indicating the presence of abnormal positive feedback, i.e., the portfolio proposed here outperformed its benchmark.     

商业合同附随义务根本违约之判断标准

当事人在商业合同中构成附随义务根本违约的判断标准包括:当事人之间须存在有效的合同关系,当事人一方或双方实施了违反附随义务的行为以及违约后果严重致使非违约方合同目的落空。但是,不是只要一方当事人的违约致使他方合同目的落空就必然构成根本违约,基础目的、单方目的、直接目的、初始目的、单一目的的落空必然构成根本违约;而效果目的、嗣后目的的违反不能构成根本违约;间接目的、双方目的和混合目的的违反只有危及合同的根基时才能构成根本违约。