Does local social capital deter labour migration? Evidence from rural China

This article empirically investigates the effect of local social capital on job-related migration in rural China. A household’s social ties in the region of origin, which we refer to as local social capital, may deter migration, because local social capital is location specific and an individual cannot benefit from it if s/he migrates. In view of Chinese gift-giving culture, we use household expenses on wedding gifts for family members outside household, relatives and friends as a proxy for local social networks. Based on the data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, we find that in rural China local social networks have a significantly negative effect on migration. The IV results suggest that a 10% increase in wedding gifts expenses results in roughly a 1.1 percentage points decrease in migration probability.     

Pay or pray? The impact of charitable subsidies on religious attendance

The economic argument for subsidizing charitable giving relies on the positive externalities of charitable activities, particularly from the religious institutions that are the largest recipients of giving. But the net external effects of subsidies to religious giving will also depend on a potentially important indirect effect as well: impacts on religious participation. Religious participation can be either a complement to, or a substitute with, the level of charitable giving. Understanding these spillover effects of charitable giving may be quite important, given the existing observational literature that suggests that religiosity is a major determinant of well-being among Americans. In this paper, I investigate the impact of charitable subsidies on a measure of religious participation, attendance at religious services. I do so by using data over three decades from the General Social Survey, as well as confirming the impact of such subsidies on religious giving using the Consumer Expenditure Survey. I find strong evidence that religious giving and religious attendance are substitutes: larger subsidies to charitable giving lead to more religious giving, but less religious attendance, with an implied elasticity of attendance with respect to religious giving of as much as −1.1. These results have important implications for the debate over charitable subsidies. They also serve to validate economic models of religious participation.     

论产品策划创新及产品价值的深度挖掘

产品策划创新是企业所有部门参与的对产品价值进行更深入的挖掘，它以产品功能性的满足为基础，以顾客非功能性的额外满足为表现形式，收敛于顾客的利益和效用最大化，即顾客让渡价值。进行产品价值深度挖掘的研究可在产品设计创新、产品策划创新、创造顾客满足及产品创意观念创新等方面提供有价值的理论依据。     

Volunteers and Pseudo-Volunteers: The Effect of Recruitment Method in Dictator Experiments

We report the results of experiments that test for behavioral differences between volunteer subjects recruited in the usual way and pseudo-volunteer subjects in experiments conducted during class time. In a series of dictator games, we find that psuedo-volunteers are more generous on average than their volunteer counterparts, and that non-monetary factors such as religious or altruistic preferences have a greater effect on the giving behavior of pseudo-volunteers.     

附赠式有奖销售行为新论

市场经济条件下,附赠式有奖销售行为是商家竞争的一种营销手段,已经十分常见。随着经济发展,赠品价值难以统一规范,对交易相对方公开附赠定性的分歧,尤其针对不直接影响交易的第三人的有奖销售和向潜在客户赠送试用品等新型有奖销售的出现,现行立法和理论研究已无法指导执法实践,重新探讨附赠式有奖销售十分必要。     

Acquisition mode and credit card overspending behavior: An empirical analysis of the credit card industry

Although credit card overspending behavior has become a critical societal concern with severe negative impacts on consumer welfare and economic stability, research on credit card overspending behavior remains fragmented and understudied. This study investigates new types of antecedents of credit card overspending behavior that are overlooked in the prior literature—the acquisition mode of credit card companies. Based on data set from a large commercial bank in China, this study measures credit card overspending behavior using consumption amount, cash withdrawal amount and overdueness, and suggests that gift acquisition has a positive effect on cash withdrawal amount and overdue probability as well as a negative effect on consumption amount. Furthermore, we find that this relationship could be weakened for female customers and for customers with higher education levels. This study provides theoretical implications for both the credit card overspending literature and customer acquisition literature. It also has important implications for consumer welfare and public policymaking.     

农户层面的山区特色林业可持续发展能力分析——以浙江临安山核桃为例

调查了浙江临安98户山核桃种植户,从农户层面分析了山核桃种植的产业化、组织化、规模化和标准化的水平,并运用C-D生产函数分析了山核桃产出的主要影响因素,结果表明:山核桃生产处于高度依赖自然禀赋的初级发展阶段,不具备可持续发展能力。由于种植山核桃利润丰厚,制度变迁的需求诱致动因不足,需要加强政府引导,但是不能盲目推进组织化和规模化;同时还要提高政府服务水平和加强技术(包括管理水平)的投入。     

再论未成年人冠姓制度

独生子女家庭的日益成熟,使得传统的姓氏宗族观念和子息单薄之间的社会矛盾日益凸显,而现有法律对未成年子女冠姓问题规范明显不足。在未成年子女冠姓问题上,分配监护人的冠姓决定权时,应本着“儿童利益最大原则”,在男女平等的前提下,优先考虑直接监护人的冠姓决定权。同时扩张“合同”在民事领域的适用,以协议的方式为主、以法律直接规定的方式为辅来分配冠姓权利,不失为和谐的体现。     

Building Relationships with Major‐Gift Donors: A Major‐Gift Decision‐Making,Relationship‐Building Model

An important concern for many nonprofits is their major gift (MG) fundraising. Major gifts comprise substantial percentages of a nonprofit's annual budget, but to date there has not been any available stand‐alone, data‐driven, encompassing, nonprofit MG fundraising model. We propose the AID‐TIM (awareness and understanding, interest and involvement, desire to help, trial gift, information about what and how to give, and major gift action) model to alleviate that situation. Underpinnings of the model, explanation of the elements that make up the model, and benefits of using the model are discussed. Finally, detailed, how‐to sections for each element of the model are included.     

Indirect Reciprocity and Corporate Philanthropic Giving: How Visiting Officials Influence Investment in Privately Owned Chinese Firms

This study examines how privately owned firms that are listed on Chinese stock exchanges and often surrounded by Buddhist or Taoist temples use money to bind themselves to officials who can mitigate their underinvestment problems. Philanthropic giving is a traditional way of achieving this task. Based on social‐exchange theory, we consider the potential for indirect reciprocity, in which visiting officials do favours for local businesses that do favours for other social actors. We analyse whether China’s Buddhist and Taoist cultures influence how philanthropic giving induces visiting officials to do favors. We also examine temple locations and the behaviours of privately owned firms listed on Chinese stock exchanges from 2001 to 2012 in an empirical study that provides strong support for our arguments. Results show that philanthropic giving initiates and amplifies indirect reciprocity between visiting officials and local businesses, thereby increasing corporate investment. The magnitudes of these effects depend on the magnitude of religious norms. Our study thus illuminates the influence of visiting officials on corporate investment.