Pollution Permits: A Discussion of Fundamentals

The author provides an economic analysis of tradable pollution permits by clarifying the derivation of permit supply and demand relationships and connecting those concepts to permit trading for the case of two polluters. Using the standard comparison of costs and benefits, he makes the marginal cost of emission reduction of a typical polluter the basis of the derivation of its permit supply and demand schedules. Developing these relationships for both polluters allows the creation of market schedules for permit supply and demand. He demonstrates equilibrium in the market for permits and the corresponding trading of permits. He discusses the satisfaction of the equi-marginal principle, which ensures that pollution reduction is achieved efficiently. The author concludes by considering the consequences of the presence of a third polluter in the market for permits.     

Prediction research on the water quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area： a review

对河流水质模型和流域非点源污染模型在三峡库区水质预测的相关研究进行了综述，着重探讨了河流水质模型中水质组分在三峡库区多介质环境的迁移与转化机理．以及流域非点源污染模型在三峡流域污染负荷的研究进展。     

Russian Competitiveness in the Global Economy

Abstract

Using data on Russia's competitiveness collected by our research team as part of the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report (GCR), literature on competitiveness, in particular Michael Porter's theories on economic development and competitiveness, and benchmarking data from the global competitiveness project for other countries, this paper analyzes Russia's comparative strengths in its macro and microeconomic competitiveness. We investigate Russia's movement in ranks over a three-year period, discussing Russia's strengths in its macroeconomic climate and the weaknesses of its institutions. We illustrate the effects of these on three-key growth industries in Russia: oil, IT outsourcing, and the food sector.     

财富的主体本质及其实现问题——从马克思的财富观看全球金融危机

马克思指出,财富的主体本质就是劳动,财富的主体本质实现就在于再生产人并实现为劳动。而人的"对象化了的劳动"——即物质财富成为主体(人)消费的对象,是人重新获得活动(劳动)的机体能力的基本前提。也就是说,财富只有作为人的消费的对象才成其为自身,财富的消费就是其本质的实现。而以资本积累为基础的扩大再生产,使财富不断远离自己的本质。财富的自我否定又直接导致货币贬值,进而出现危机。资本主义金融创新虽然借金融手段解决产品的过剩危机,让经济危机得以暂时缓解,但是同时积累了更多的资本结余问题,其突出表现就是把"产品过剩"直接表现为"资本过剩"。而当代金融危机的"过度消费",是建立在"借贷消费"基础上的,究其实质是非主体本质实现的财富生产。因此,危机是不能避免的,当前全球金融危机不过是资本主义生产中"资本过剩危机"的一个佐证而已,只有坚持马克思主义的分析才能看到危机的实质。     

Vertical Specialization and Trade Growth in Northeast Asia

As the global economy has become further integrated, the international production chain has become more sophisticated, with diversified stages of production located in different countries. Economic theorists have argued that the fragmentation of the global production chain is partly attributable to the high growth in international trade over the past several decades. In this study, we examine vertical specialization in China, Japan and Korea, and its contribution to these nations' trade. Using a multilevel model, it is illustrated that vertical specialization has encouraged increases in trade among all three countries. In particular, China's outcome is remarkable considering how recently it became a member of the WTO.     

外部经济冲击对我国进出口贸易的影响——基于新兴市场经济体的研究

本文从贸易和金融渠道对我国受到其他新兴经济体的外部冲击的可能性进行了评估,并借助GVAR(Global Vector Auto-Regressive)模型方法,考虑了世界各国的交互影响来分析新兴市场国家的宏观经济波动对中国进出口产生的影响。研究发现,区域内的新兴经济市场对我国影响更为显著,韩国、印度、中国香港发生宏观经济波动时对我国进出口贸易可能造成较大的影响。基本上,中国对外贸易对韩国遭受冲击后的反应快且大,但受影响时间较短,人民币汇率波动在应对外部冲击时发挥了一定作用。中国和印度贸易合作关系大于竞争关系。     

对澳大利亚国家旅游品牌全球营销策略分析

悉尼奥运会的成功举办,产生了巨大的“奥运品牌效应”,带动了澳大利亚经济,推动了其树立奥运旅游的战略目标及旅游品牌营销与传播的整合。树立与推广澳大利亚国家旅游品牌全球营销策略,可加快中国旅游品牌化进程。应借鉴澳对目标市场细分,目标市场的确定以及整合各种媒体新品牌营销活动的成功经验,实施奥运阶段品牌营销策略和奥运旅游地区品牌营销策略,为中国充分利用举办北京奥运会之机,促进中国旅游向品牌化进程发展奠定基础。     

农业面源污染控制的一体化环境经济政策体系研究

农业面源污染由于排放主体的分散性和隐蔽性、污染发生的随机性、污染负荷的时空差异性,使得农业面源污染具有很强的外部性、不确定性和非对称信息,这是农业面源污染控制的理论依据。文章在对农业面源污染控制面临的污染控制成本不确定性、污染者排污水平不确定性进行理论分析后,构建了农业面源污染控制的一体化环境经济政策体系,指出农业面源污染控制须针对各责任主体设计独特化、具体化、精确化、针对性的环境经济政策。     

全球价值链视角下福建省产业集群的战略升级策略

经过十几年的发展,福建省产业集群初具规模并成为福建省区域经济发展的重要支柱,但从全球价值链视角看也面临着升级阻碍。以全球价值链视角分析了福建省产业集群战略升级中面临的问题,并基于链网互动探讨了福建省产业集群的战略升级策略。     

浅谈GPS实时动态技术在土地测量中的应用

GPS实时动态测量技术相比各种传统的测量技术和方法,有其独特的优点。本文通过介绍GPS实时动态技术的构造以及测量原理,分析了GPS实时动态技术在土地测量工作中的优势,并给出了GPS实时动态技术在实际测量工作中的应用方法。