关于环保非政府组织发展的法律制度分析

相对发达国家的环保非政府组织而言,我国环保非政府组织显得先天不足,后天乏力,环保非政府组织自身的缺陷和尚不健全的法律体制是其发展滞后的重要原因,细致而有可操作性的法律制度才能形成对环保非政府组织的有力保障.     

试论政府审计对行政权力的监督和制约——兼论政府审计职能定位

本文从加强对行政权力的监督和制约的必要性及我国行政权力监督和制约机制的现状分析入手，通过对政府审计在对行政权力的监督和制约中所发挥的作用的研究，提出了应对政府审计的职能进行重新定位的观点，并对进一步发挥政府审计的职能作用进行了探讨。     

政府补贴是我国发展农业保险的重要保障——来自我国农业保险试点模式的调研报告

新一轮农业保险试点形成了“安信模式”、“安华模式”、“互助制模式”、“共保体”模式和“安盟模式”等5种模式。从这5种模式运行看,政府补贴是发展农业保险的重要保障,经济发达地区政府补贴多,运行就比较好;经济欠发达地区,政府补贴少,运行就比较困难。建议政府明确采取补贴促进农业保险发展的态度,并加大政府补贴的力度。     

Double Moral Hazard,Monitoring, and the Nature of Contracts

generalized double-sided moral-hazard model, with risk-averse parties who mutually monitor each other (to get a reasonable idea of outcome/effort). The model considers trade-off between monitoring costs and moral hazard costs, which are endogenously determined by the extent of monitoring. Using this model, we formally prove a generalized version of Coase's conjecture – that the optimal contract minimizes the agency and risk costs. We then show how varying assumptions about the feasibility or cost of monitoring of the outcome or the worker's effort lead to different contracts being optimal. The analysis is then used to explain the nature of contracts observed in practice under many different situations. We will give an explanation as to why industrial workers typically work under wage contracts, while share contracts are common in agriculture and will explain why profit sharing is more common for senior managers than for the production workers. Received September 19, 2000; revised version received October 30, 1997     

Changing rewards in contests: Has the three-point rule brought more offense to soccer?

In the mid-nineties FIFA decided to increase from two to three the number of points assigned to the winning team of a soccer match played under traditional round-robin national leagues. Since a game of soccer can be regarded as a contest, FIFA's measure provides an interesting case-study for analysing how a change in the system of rewards (from a zero to a non-zero sum rule) may affect the contestants' equilibrium behaviour. In this paper we try to assess, both theoretically and empirically, whether FIFA's new point rule has changed soccer towards a more offensive game, in which teams adopt more risky strategies. In particular, we evaluate the “na?ve hypothesis” according to which the measure would induce every team to play always more offensively, and we explore the extent to which the change in teams' behaviour may be affected by quality differentials between teams. Our most important hypothesis is that when the asymmetry between opposing teams is large enough, an increase in the reward for victory induces the weaker team to play more defensively, rather than the opposite. By looking at a subset of matches held in the Portuguese first division league, which approximate the conditions of our model, we find support for this hypothesis. First version received: July 1999/Final version received: May 2001     

Deregulating Network Industries: Dealing with Price-quality Tradeoffs

This paper examines the effects of introducing competition into monopolized network industries on prices and infrastructure quality. Analyzing a model with reduced-form demand, we first show that deregulating an integrated monopoly cannot simultaneously decrease the retail price and increase infrastructure quality. Second, we derive conditions under which reducing both retail price and infrastructure quality relative to the integrated monopoly outcome increases welfare. Third, we argue that restructuring and setting very low access charges may yield welfare losses, as infrastructure investment is undermined. We provide an extensive analysis of the linear demand model and discuss policy implications.     

论生态环境规制改革

生态环境（产品）几乎都有外部性问题,生态环境领域是公共产权进入最为密集的领域,因此公共规制在生态领域具有巨大的潜在作用。在我国生态环境规制改革进程中,既要强化对生态规制者的规制、建立生态公共租金消散机制,又要放松规制与优化规制并举,实行政企分开的生态规制体制,对规制者和被规制者引入激励性规制,优化政府的生态规制手段和生态规制结构,克服市场失灵与规制失灵给生态环境带来的弊端。     

供应链协同管理模式下的信息共享机制研究

首先分析了传统供应链管理中存在的问题,通过研究供应链协同管理的内容,提出不同合作层次企业的四种协同管理模式。在此基础上,构建了供应链信息共享的组织结构,建立了信息共享的激励与约束机制。最后对信息共享机制下的供应链效益做出经济分析。     

企业技能型劳动者专用性人力资本：投资与激励

近年来，我国一些行业和地区出现技能型劳动力供给短缺，从而使劳动者激励问题在理论研究层面和企业经营管理层面的重要意义开始凸现出来。本文运用现代企业理论的制度分析方法对企业技能型劳动者专用性人力资本投资及其激励机制进行了经济学分析，并对有关具体激励策略提出了初步对策建议。     

城市公共设施供给中的融资创新——一种基于政府付费或补贴的资产证券化方式

城市政府当期财政难以满足未来城市建设中的公共设施需求,城市发展需要公共融资创新."私人生产、政府付费或补贴、公众消费"模式是城市公共设施融资中一种吸引私人投资的较好模式.在该模式基础上,提出了一种基于政府付费或补贴的资产证券化创新方式,阐述了该方式的运用范围、基本结构和运作流程,并分析了该方式在城市建设中运用的基本条件.