试论现代管理的伦理意蕴

现代管理之中蕴涵着深刻的伦理内涵。具体表现在:现代管理的产生蕴涵丰富的伦理背景;现代管理的伦理本质是特殊的道德关系;现代管理的目标是和谐;现代管理必须遵循真实、诚信、平等的原则。     

Relative entropy in sequential decision problems

Consider an agent who faces a sequential decision problem. At each stage the agent takes an action and observes a stochastic outcome (e.g., daily prices, weather conditions, opponents' actions in a repeated game, etc.). The agent's stage-utility depends on his action, the observed outcome and on previous outcomes. We assume the agent is Bayesian and is endowed with a subjective belief over the distribution of outcomes. The agent's initial belief is typically inaccurate. Therefore, his subjectively optimal strategy is initially suboptimal. As time passes information about the true dynamics is accumulated and, depending on the compatibility of the belief with respect to the truth, the agent may eventually learn to optimize. We introduce the notion of relative entropy, which is a natural adaptation of the entropy of a stochastic process to the subjective set-up. We present conditions, expressed in terms of relative entropy, that determine whether the agent will eventually learn to optimize. It is shown that low entropy yields asymptotic optimal behavior. In addition, we present a notion of pointwise merging and link it with relative entropy.     

基于《城乡规划法》的规划决策审批制度

关于规划决策审批,《城乡规划法》在依法审批、规划修改、公众参与、法律责任等方面提出了新要求,特点鲜明,对规划决策审批制度改革具有重要指导意义。基于《城乡规划法》,本文辩析了城市政府、规划主管部门、城市规划委员会在决策审批中的关系,在完善市政府审批决策、改革规划部门内部决策制度、转变规划委员会职能、强化专家委员会及决策公众参与等方面提出了制度创新的意见。     

Cluster Analysis in Data‐Driven Management and Decisions

Clustering plays an important role in management and decision‐making processes. This paper first discusses three types of cluster analysis methods—centroid‐based, connectivity‐based, and density‐based. Then the challenges to traditional clustering in new business environments are highlighted, with algorithmic extensions and innovative efforts for coping with data that is dynamic, large‐scale, representative, non‐convex, and consensus in nature. In addition, three application cases are illustrated, where clustering is incorporated into the overall solution in the contexts of management support, business of sharing economy, and healthcare decision assistance.     

碳税率策略下供应链成本与收入决策优化

物流运输中的碳排放是造成气候变暖的主要原因之一,因此制定合理的碳排放决策策略,进而降低物流过程中的碳排放,是当前供应链管理领域的热点研究问题之一。针对一个由供应商—中转站(回收中心)—经销商构成的三级供应链网络,在考虑碳税率策略的实施对供应链成本与收入影响的条件下,以供应链整体的成本与收入同时最优为目标,分别研究建立了“正向”和“正向+逆向”供应链网络相应决策问题的双目标混合整数规划模型,并设计了对应的求解方法。以某类型家电产品为例,用数值实验的方法验证了所建决策模型和求解方法的有效性。研究结果表明,制定合理的碳税率策略不仅会一定程度的增加供应链的整体收入,而且还会潜在增强供应链的市场竞争能力。该研究成果旨在为相关企业组织或联盟构建碳税率约束下的供应链整体最优运作方案提供合理的决策依据,亦可为政府相关部门制定碳税率政策提供科学的指导意见。     

Supplier selection with rank reversal in public tenders

For supplier selection in the public sector, the Weighted Sum Model is often used in combination with relative scoring methods that allow rank reversal. With rank reversal we refer to a changed order in the ranking of bids leading to a new winner, after removing or adding a non-optimal bid that does not win the original tender. In practice, an important reason indicated by practitioners for using methods that allow rank reversal is that it would rarely occur in practice. Based on an analysis of 303 Dutch public tenders, this research shows this is not true. In about 1 out of 5 the tenders, rank reversal occurs after adding non-optimal fictional bids to tenders that do not have quality thresholds. After removing bids, the rate is about 1 out of 40 if a curved relative scoring method is used. In addition, the research shows that rank reversal rates increase when (i) there is no quality threshold, (ii) the number of bids increases, (iii) bid price variance increases, and (iv) price weights are not very low or high. We argue that relative scoring methods that allow rank reversal should not be used in public procurement, or otherwise only in exceptional cases, as it conflicts with public procurement principles and leads to reduced overall bid value.     

基于学科发展的高校科技成果转化模糊决策评价方法研究

高校科技成果转化是国家战略重要组成部分,是促进国家和区域经济发展的重要源泉,然而其评价因素仍然多局限于科技成果转化本身,并没有从学科发展这一大学建设的核心的视角开展研究,无法使得高校科技成果转化真正与高校自身发展完全融合,形成高校科技成果转化形成内生动力。本文运用模糊决策方法对高校科技成果转化开展综合评价研究,基于学科发展的视角开展分析研究,合理选取评价因素,最后开展实证研究,为形成具有实效的高校科技成果转化机制,促进科技与经济有效融合提供重要的借鉴。     

存货质押融资业务决策相关性研究

在供应链金融的存货质押融资业务中,以零售商融资作为研究对象,以单一供应商和单一零售商组成的两级供应链为基础,分别构建了零售商、银行和供应商的期望利润最大化模型,在此基础上逐步分析了零售商的产品最优采购数量、银行利润以及供应商利润分别与银行确定的贷款利率、供应商的回购比例要求以及供应商确定的批发价格的相关性.研究表明,三者的利润关系是处于一种谈判博弈的状态,没有一方将绝对获益,三者共同分担风险.