弱势群体由弱渐强的社会支持体系构建

在社会转型期,利益分化、社会分层凸显弱势群体问题对构建和谐社会可能带来的冲击与挑战。正视社会转型期的弱势群体问题,化解这一问题累积性爆发可能产生的社会风险,健全弱势群体由弱渐强的社会支持体系,是构建社会主义和谐社会的内在要求和重要途径。     

Entrepreneurial size,complexity and decentralization of decision-making in the use of temporary help workers in Spain

Using data from a postal survey of Spanish firms, the present work, as its main objective, tries to evaluate the effect of entrepreneurial size, degree of decentralization in decision-making and vertical complexity on the use of temporary help workers. As complementary objectives, it also seeks to confirm the effect of entrepreneurial size on elements of the organizational structure, such as decentralization in decision-making, and on vertical complexity. To respond to the hypotheses, a LISRE model has been used. The results show that entrepreneurial size and degree of decentralization positively affect the frequency with which companies use temporary help workers. In contrast, vertical complexity negatively affects the use of this type of worker. On the other hand, it is confirmed that entrepreneurial size positively affects decentralization in decision-making and vertical complexity.     

论构建以大病保障为核心的医疗保障制度

医疗保险制度的建设不应参照养老保险制度,而应在“支出分配”的基础上,以互济为思路、以统筹为方法、以大病为重点,人人参与,国家企业个人三者分担费用,取消个人账户,建立公共医疗保障基金。我国医疗保险制度建设,城镇可形成企业、机关、单位和居民“四位一体”,个人缴费与企业和国家负担相结合模式,农村以“县-市”为中心,家庭缴费、集体公益积累基金与地方政府补助相结合模式。     

强化校园110报警求助服务系统建设努力打造"平安校园"

该文分析了高校安全工作现阶段面临的新形势和新特点,介绍了嘉兴学院校园110报警求助服务系统建设的情况,总结了存在的问题,提出了进一步完善的设想,实践证明该系统的组建和运转,为学校的安全稳定,为广大师生解决一些疑难问题,起到了有益的作用。     

新形势下上访问题的对策研究

作好新形势下的信访工作是夯实党的群众基础，巩固党的执政地位的有效手段。这类案件数量多、涉及面广，问题突出表现在涉诉信访的案件源头上把关不严，信访案件日益增多与信访工作手段、能力及基础相对不足等。因此，处理信访案件应着眼于改革和完善工作机锏，畅通信访渠道，为信访案件的处理提供法律依据，强化意识，为信访工作准确定位，健全信访联动机制，提高信访问题的化解能力等。     

The two faces of social capital in private flood mitigation: opposing effects on risk perception,self-efficacy and coping capacity

Impacts of flooding are expected to increase, most notably in residential areas. As a consequence, private households are increasingly encouraged to engage in private flood mitigation complementary to public measures. Despite the growing literature on private flood mitigation, little is known about how social capital influences households’ perception of and coping with flood risks. This study draws on survey data of 226 flood-prone households in two Austrian Alpine municipalities, both recently affected by riverine flooding. We show that social capital cuts both ways: on the positive side, social capital increases perceived self-efficacy and provides critical support during and most notably after flood events. On the negative side, social capital reduces flood risk perceptions of private households. While social ties are effective when responding to and recovering from floods, the expectation of social support downplays risk, making precautionary action by households less likely. The results also show that flood-affected households receive more social support than they provide to others. In the long-run, this can lead to a problematic reciprocity imbalance, challenging the long-term stability of the interpersonal exchanges underlying social capital. Among the various sources of social support, informal social networks (neighbours, friends and relatives) provide the most important workforce in the response and recovery phase of a flood event. It is therefore crucial for flood risk management to recognise and promote the protective quality of social capital alongside conventional structural and non-structural measures.     

Meeting the needs of disabled air passengers: Factors that facilitate help from airlines and airports

With the number of impaired air passengers having increased globally, air service providers may have the potential to create a lucrative niche market. However, it is less clear what the service needs of these passengers are as well as providing facilities and services. This paper aims to explore the service needs of impaired air passengers and to identify factors affecting the facilities and services. The results of data from a sample of 180 respondents from among airline, airport and government staff are presented in this research. These results show that the top three items which travellers complained about in relation to airlines are the lack of provision of a user-friendly on-board restroom, wheelchair services and the distance between cabin seats and restroom on board. The results also show that female staff are more likely to be willing to help impaired passengers than male staff. In considering the factors comprising perceived needs, two factors, i.e. “Compensation and improvement schemes” and “Not suitable for taking a flight” appear to have significant effects. The managerial implications are also discussed.     

我国流浪乞讨现象的影响及其规制体系之建构

社会问题是社会矛盾的外化和表现形式。流浪乞讨现象在当代中国的大量涌现,恶化了城市文明的＂生态环境＂;对农村社会的冲击日益加剧;削弱了社会大众的同情心及对弱势群体的救助;不利于社会的和谐稳定发展,易引发其他社会问题等。当务之急是全面建构针对这种现象的规制体系,即全面建构现代流浪乞讨救助政策体系;整合现代流浪乞讨救助管理机构资源;突破限制流浪乞讨人员社会救助的资金瓶颈;创新对流浪乞讨的救助管理模式。     

马克思对“国家帮助论”的批驳及其启示

在《哥达纲领批判》中,马克思对“自由国家”、“铁的工资规律”、“由国家帮助建立生产合作社”等说辞逐一进行了批驳．指出了“国家帮助论”“维护资产阶级统治、消磨无产阶级革命斗志”的拉萨尔主义的理论本质。这一檄文启示我们：在阶级社会,尤其是在资本主义社会,无产阶级只有通过自发的暴力革命才能真正实现无产阶级专政,实现自身解放,除此,别无他途。     

民法中的自助行为及其限度——兼及不当自主行为所致民刑交叉问题

为助推《民法典》新增的自助行为的适用，亟须从解释论探讨，并考察其实践适用。自助行为本质为私力救济，为保护情况紧迫而无法及时获得公力救济的请求权而设，蕴含着民刑交叉属性。作为公力救济的例外，它仅能在特定情形下行使，以“拥有合法请求权”为前提，需满足“情况紧迫无法及时获得公力救济”以及“不实施自助行为将使权益损害难以弥补”的要件。至于自助行为应限于合理范围以及事后及时请求公力救济，则非该制度的构成要件，而是行为界限问题。自助行为既可针对相对人的财产，在特定情形下，亦可将《民法典》第1177条第1款中的“等合理措施”解释为可对相对人自由适当限制，但应契合“必要性”要求，并立即诉请公力救济。行为契合自助行为构造者，可阻却侵权违法，亦不会涉及刑事犯罪，而是出罪事由；反之，不当造成他人损害者，对相对人之损害仍应负赔偿责任，严重者，可能涉及向刑事犯罪的转化。对因自助行为引发的民刑交叉案件，应依循法秩序统一原理，严格控制入罪门槛，坚持先民后刑程序，正确界定罪与非罪。