OPTION PRICING AND HEDGING WITH EXECUTION COSTS AND MARKET IMPACT

This paper considers the pricing and hedging of a call option when liquidity matters, that is, either for a large nominal or for an illiquid underlying asset. In practice, as opposed to the classical assumptions of a price‐taking agent in a frictionless market, traders cannot be perfectly hedged because of execution costs and market impact. They indeed face a trade‐off between hedging errors and costs that can be solved by using stochastic optimal control. Our modeling framework, which is inspired by the recent literature on optimal execution, makes it possible to account for both execution costs and the lasting market impact of trades. Prices are obtained through the indifference pricing approach. Numerical examples are provided, along with comparisons to standard methods.     

Wealth,Capital and the Theory of Distribution: Some Implications for Piketty’s Analysis

Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century (2014) has been spectacularly successful. One reason for this is that while it often challenges received views and supports a non-apologetic interpretation of capitalism, at the same time it relies on mainstream economics. This theoretical framework, however, is not always conducive to consistency and interpretative accuracy. This paper points out some of the book’s analytical weaknesses and shows that some empirical evidence, a clearer distinction between wealth and capital, and a different theoretical perspective, could lead to questioning some of the book’s claims. In particular, it argues that the increase in the wealth-to-output ratio (but not the capital-to-output ratio) cannot explain the observed changes in income shares. It also contends that non-mainstream perspectives on income distribution and growth suggest that changes in income distribution are due more to policy and power relations than to the factors Piketty identifies.     

Asymmetric trade protection leading not to productivity but to export share change

This article revisits a classical theme in economics, that is, the relationship between trade protection and economic performance, with an improved treatment of the endogeneity of tariffs and with consideration of alternative performance criteria. This paper also considers the effects of asymmetric protection, such as higher tariffs on consumer goods and lower tariffs on producer goods. Using sectoral data on Korean manufacturing during the period from 1967 to 1993, this study finds that the effect of trade protection by tariff tends to show up not in terms of total factor productivity but in terms of revealed comparative advantage and export shares of sectors. Such an effect tends to be greater in consumer goods, which are the main targets of promotion by higher tariffs. This study verifies the potentially positive role of tariffs under certain conditions, especially under discipline from world markets.     

Falling Wage Shares in Europe and the United States: How Important is Aggregation Bias?

This paper sheds light on the importance of aggregation bias in the analysis of wage shares developments over time and across countries. We focus on five European countries and the United States and show that the trend decline in the aggregate wage share observed in these countries over much of the 1980s and 1990s partly reflects changes in the sectoral composition of the economy. The application of a fixed-weight aggregation method changes the profile of the observed wage share in a significant way: in particular there is no longer sign of an overshooting of the wage share levels of the early-1970s. Error-correction wage equations based on the adjusted wage shares generally have a better regression fit and show long-run elasticities of real wages to unemployment that vary less across countries and are substantially lower than those obtained with observed shares.     

不同市场结构下农村信用社经营绩效研究

本文对陕西省85家农村信用社市场份额与经营绩效的关系进行分析。整体来讲,农村信用社贷款市场份额与其经营绩效呈负相关。进一步分析不同市场集中度情况,贷款占比50%以上的农村信用社市场份额与经营绩效负相关,而贷款占比50%以下的农村信用社两指标正相关。这就表明应建立适度竞争的县域农村金融市场,以提高农信社经营效率,充分发挥其主力军作用,从而尽快构建现代农村金融体系。     

The impact of location factors on the attractiveness and optimal space shares of product categories

In this paper, we investigate the impact of location characteristics on the relative attractiveness of product categories within a store, and formulate micromarketing implications for the allocation of store space to categories. We present a framework for the impact of store and trading area characteristics on category and store performance, which integrates and extends previous geomarketing research. Building upon this framework, we propose a tractable and flexible procedure for assessing location influences, and derive optimal space allocation rules for different location profiles. Empirical application to national stores of a European retail chain confirms the differential impact of location characteristics on categories' attractiveness. Tailoring the allocation of store space to these location-based differences in category appeal leads to a significant increase in overall chain profitability.     

A STATE‐CONSTRAINED DIFFERENTIAL GAME ARISING IN OPTIMAL PORTFOLIO LIQUIDATION

We consider n risk‐averse agents who compete for liquidity in an Almgren–Chriss market impact model. Mathematically, this situation can be described by a Nash equilibrium for a certain linear quadratic differential game with state constraints. The state constraints enter the problem as terminal boundary conditions for finite and infinite time horizons. We prove existence and uniqueness of Nash equilibria and give closed‐form solutions in some special cases. We also analyze qualitative properties of the equilibrium strategies and provide corresponding financial interpretations.     

股东换购ETF是一种股东减持吗?——基于市场反应的角度

2019年以来,上市公司股东用所持股份换购ETF进入快速发展阶段。股东换购ETF不会直接冲击二级市场供求关系,且国有股东换购ETF被视作推动国企改革的举措。本文研究股东换购ETF比例的影响因素,发现国有企业股东换购ETF比例高于民营企业,2019年的股东换购比例与其他年份无显著差异。进一步,研究股东换购ETF的市场反应及其影响因素,发现市场反应显著为负,产权性质对市场反应不产生影响,2019年的市场反应比其他年份更为负面。研究表明,尽管股东换购ETF存在可取之处,但资本市场将此视作股东减持。2019年11月以来,监管机构开始参照股东减持规定严格监管股东换购ETF,这与本文结论一致。     

关于中国股票市场上基金重仓股的博弈分析

证券投资基金在我国股票市场中的地位越来越重要,基金重仓的股票越来越受到投资者的关注。通过建立一个二级市场中基金与个人投资者在基金重仓股上的不完全信息动态博弈模型,用于解释基金与个人投资者在股票市场上的投资和投机行为,并根据模型的分析提出促进中国股票市场长期健康、有序发展的建议。     

信息不对称、异质性交易与企业资本结构的决定

在将信息不对称划分为内部人和外部人之间以及知情交易者和非知情交易者之间的基础上,借鉴金融市场微观结构和财务学的相关理论成果测度这两类信息不对称,使用中国上市公司的数据,考察了这两类信息不对称与企业资本结构的关系。结果表明,两类信息不对称程度越高,杠杆水平越低;前者对杠杆的影响程度在小公司中更强,而后者对杠杆的作用效果在大公司中更强。此外,股权分置改革在某种程度上降低了前者的影响程度,而提升了后者的作用效果。这表明,我国资本市场的主要问题可能已由原先的内部人和外部人之间的利益冲突,转变为知情投资者和非知情投资者之间的利益冲突。