美军战场频谱管理现状与发展

在现代战争中,电磁频谱管理是实现电磁协同的保证,是取得战争胜利的保证。阐述了战场频谱管理的基本概念,重点介绍了战场频谱管理的典型流程以及美军典型的战场频谱管理系统,然后分析了战场频谱管理未来的技术发展趋势,期望为后续研究提供一定的参考。     

替代性纠纷解决机制在我国的适用

替代性纠纷解决机制在司法审判实践与民事诉讼法学理论研究中越来越引起学者关注,它在解决民事纠纷的过程中具有独特的价值。但是与此同时,替代性纠纷解决方式的适用过程中存在若干冲突性问题。从完善立法、构建有效的多元化纠纷解决的法律体系、对民事案件进行分流以及加强法院的监督职能等多方面入手去解决这些问题就显得十分必要。     

Trust types,distrust, and performance outcomes in small business relationships: the pharmacy–drug warehouse case

This study attempts to investigate the linkage among trust types, distrust, and relationship performance outcomes in the context of long-term supply agreement-type alliances between small business dyads. The results suggest a significant positive relationship among goodwill trust and risk-taking tendency, cooperation, satisfaction, and conflict resolution and a negative relationship between goodwill trust and transaction costs. Competence trust is found to have a positive relationship with cooperation, conflict resolution, and satisfaction and a negative relationship with transaction costs. However, no significant relationship is found between competence trust and risk-taking tendency. Distrust, on the other hand, is found to have a negative relationship with cooperation, satisfaction, and conflict resolution and a significant positive relationship with transaction costs with no effect on risk-taking tendency.     

Interfirm Technology Transfer:

This study focuses on the independent and interactive effects of problem issue situations and resolution strategies on performance in manufacturer–dealer channel relationships. Conflict issue situation and resolution strategy were a priori matched for a 2 × 2 factorial quasi-experiment. The theoretical framework of (inter)organizational conflict reaction theory was used to extend existing empirical findings about the influence of two factors that foster constructive or destructive consequences experienced from the prospective of dealers. Data were obtained from a sample of 243 dealers and 9 trade administrative experts. The results indicate significant main effects of issue situation and resolution strategy on dealer performance. A significant interaction effect also was found. Managerial implications for dealing with ongoing problem issues with different resolution strategies are discussed.     

共生论视角下辅导员与大学生文化冲突化解途径

辅导员与大学生之间的关系应该是和谐共生的,即辅导员与大学生双方共生主体与资源、规范之间的协调。辅导员与大学生之间的冲突,很大程度上归于文化冲突,即传统文化与多元文化、统一规范与评价偏差、家长式管理与自我管理之间的冲突。文化冲突造成了大学生双方共生主体与资源、规范之间的失调,因此应着手协调共生主体、资源与规范来化解该冲突,优化双方之间的关系。     

The reaction of firm ex ante cost of equity capital to the resolution of shareholder class action lawsuits

Existing research provides evidence that providers of capital (banks, public debt, and equity) all increase the expected return on securities after the initiation of a shareholder lawsuit. Many of these lawsuits are dismissed or settled with trivial monetary penalties, which suggests that an across-the-board permanent increase in the cost of capital is misguided. After estimating the probable outcome of a shareholder lawsuit using only information available at the time the shareholder lawsuit is filed, we study the resolution of shareholder lawsuits to determine if market participants adjust their expected return after a case is resolved. We find an increase (decrease) in the ex ante cost of equity capital when there is a surprise settlement (dismissal), which is consistent with an efficient market. Further, we present evidence consistent with equity market participants monitoring the progress of shareholder lawsuits prior to resolution. Overall, our results suggest that firm ex ante cost of equity capital only changes after the resolution of a shareholder lawsuit if the outcome of the case is different than initially predicted.     

OSHA inspections: Process and outcomes in programmed inspections versus complaint-investigated inspections

Inspections are an important tool for enforcing OSHA regulations. As with any enforcement procedure, OSHA inspections are an effective tool to the extent that they are conducted in a consistent manner. In this study we compared 3,000 inspections randomly initiated by OSHA with 3,000 inspections conducted by OSHA in response to an employee complaint. Significant differences in both process and outcome variables were found between the two types of inspections. We discuss the findings in terms of the “threat effect” as a tool for enforcement of OSHA safety standards.     

雷达伺服系统中DAC位数和数字PWM位数的选择

雷达伺服系统是全闭环伺服系统。文中分析了D／A变换器（DAC）的工作特性以及在全闭环伺服系统中的应用特点。由于DAC和齿轮减速比都影响着伺服系统的开环增益，当系统开环增益一定时，DAC位数的实际作用和减速比的选择相互限制，在设计雷达伺服系统中需注意。文中同时指出，数字式PWM的实质也是一种DAC，它的位数选择同样遵循DAC的选择原则。     

农业旱灾脆弱性的特殊生成机制与化解路径

农业旱灾脆弱性程度决定了干旱灾害的生成和强度,探讨农业旱灾脆弱性的特殊生成机制对防旱抗旱具有非常重要的意义。农业灾害脆弱性受微观、中观和宏观三方面因素的影响。微观因素方面主要由农户、农业保险公司和政府的行为所致;中观因素方面主要是因为意识形态的宣传教育制度、旱灾风险管理与保险制度、农业灾害补偿制度、农业保险补贴制度和农业保险监管制度的缺失或者不完善;宏观因素方面主要包括气候环境因素、市场因素、行为因素和法律因素。文章认为,化解农业旱灾脆弱性应从三个方面努力:增强农户、农业保险公司和政府行为的协调与适应性,加强农业旱灾脆弱性制度创新及推进自然、经济与社会的一体化发展。     

A Confucian perspective on conflict resolution

Chinese business managers, in general, have been portrayed as valuing harmony and peace and having a tendency to avoid confrontation for fear of disturbing relationships involving mutual dependence. This is held to be a reflection of traditional Confucian cultural values.

This paper is an exploratory study which attempts to establish the relationship between the traditional, Confucian cultural values and the modes of conflict resolution preferred by Chinese business managers. The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument was employed in this study to describe the preferred conflict resolution modes of Chinese business managers. The results show that compromising tend to be the most preferred conflict resolution mode of Chinese business managers because of the latter's predominantly humanistic, Confucian self-concept.

However, other modes, that is, collaborating, competing, avoiding and accommodating, are also being employed by Chinese business managers as a strategic and political variation of that Confucian self-concept.