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91.
This paper investigates convergence patterns among China's provinces using GDP data for the period 1952–97. We analyze convergence behaviour on the basis of Markov chains proposed by Quah (1993 ) and the generalized entropy decomposition proposed by Shorrocks (1980, 1984 ). Both sets of results show similar evidence of convergence within the pre‐defined geo‐economic sub‐regions, but no evidence is found of convergence between the sub‐regions. This finding has important policy implications for regional economic development in China. JEL classification: C33, E20, O47. 相似文献
92.
探讨城镇居民收入不平等形成机理,对于揭示城镇居民收入不平等问题的本质,寻找缩小城镇居民收入不平等的途径,促进经济社会和谐发展具有十分重要的意义。文章在全面梳理国内外相关研究成果的基础上,从劳动者个人基本特征差异、人力资本水平差异、地区因素差异、效率工资与劳动生产率、制度因素与垄断等方面对城镇居民收入不平等形成机理进行文献回顾与评述,并对未来的研究方向进行展望。 相似文献
93.
94.
In this paper, we examine the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on local urban inequality in China. Specifically, we consider the FDI policy change as an exogenous shock on the local labour markets. We find that cities that have experienced a bigger policy change in promoting FDI between 1997 and 2002 are significantly more unequal in 2005. This pattern is mainly driven by the positive association between FDI liberalisation and skill premia. The result holds after we control for other policy changes, such as privatisation of state-owned enterprises, infrastructure and trade liberalisation. We then turn to investigate the mechanisms using firm and individual-level information. Our firm-level evidence shows that FDI firms not only hire relatively more high-skilled workers but also provide relatively higher wages to high-skilled workers compared to domestic firms. Moreover, the individual-level analysis shows that FDI has a significantly positive spillover effect on wages received by skilled workers employed by state-owned enterprises, but not wages of unskilled workers. 相似文献
95.
Marie Daumal 《International Trade Journal》2013,27(3):243-280
Regional inequalities are large in India and Brazil and represent a development challenge. This article aims to determine whether regional inequalities are linked to a country's trade openness. An annual indicator of regional inequalities is constructed for India for the period 1980–2004 and for Brazil from 1985–2004. Results from time series regressions show that Brazil's trade openness contributes to a reduction in regional inequalities. The opposite result is found for India. India's trade openness is an important factor aggravating income inequality among Indian states. In both countries, inflows of foreign direct investment are found to increase regional inequalities. 相似文献
96.
Keijiro Otsuka 《Agricultural Economics》2013,44(Z1):7-18
I would like to argue in this article that in the process of economic development in land‐poor countries in Asia, agriculture faces three distinctly different problems: food insecurity, sectoral income inequality, and the declining food self‐sufficiency associated with the declining comparative advantage in agriculture at the high‐income stage. Massive imports of food grains to Asia, if they occur, will aggravate the world food shortage, which will have significant implications for the poverty incidence in the world. I argue that in order to avoid such a tragedy, Asia should expand farm size to reduce labor cost by adopting large‐scale mechanization, sub‐Saharan Africa should realize a green revolution in grain production, and Latin America should further expand its grain production capacity. 相似文献
97.
It is 40 years since China started to abandon collective farming, with initial rural reforms in 1978 that culminated in adoption of the household responsibility system (HRS). Existing studies of impacts of these reforms do not consider nonrandom spread of the HRS, spillovers from early adopters, or distributional effects. In this paper, the synthetic control method and spatial autoregressive panel models with autoregressive errors are used to estimate impacts of the HRS that account for these features. The HRS had a significant positive effect on grain output and food supply in China, while also helping to reduce regional inequality. 相似文献
98.
Bertrand Blancheton Dina Chhorn 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2019,28(2):189-229
This paper examines the dynamic effect of globalization at the disaggregated level of sectoral export diversification and manufacturing specialization on income inequality using a panel data set of 52 Asian and Western countries from 1988 to 2014. The paper uses dynamic panel data models applying the System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimations that provide more accurate and better results than those obtained with static panel data models. The results suggest that there is no statistically significant relationship between manufacturing specialization and inequality while sectoral export diversification has been the driving force of inequality. For sub-groups of countries, higher sectoral export diversification increases inequality and higher manufacturing specialization decreases inequality in high-income Asian countries and European Union (EU) member states. Moreover, the study finds insignificant effects in low-income Asian countries and Anglo-Saxon countries. 相似文献
99.
利用2000—2012年中国全国及31个省(自治区、直辖市)的年度数据,测度了全国和各省区的城乡居民在收入结构中分项收入上的差距对其城乡居民总收入差距的影响方向和影响程度。结果显示:无论从全国层面还是省际层面来看,城乡居民在工资性收入、家庭经营纯收入、转移性收入和财产性收入上的差距较大,与城乡居民总收入差距的发展趋势不一致;不同分项收入对总收入差距的作用效果不同、影响性质相异;城乡居民在财产性收入、工资性收入和转移性收入上差距的拉大是导致城乡居民总收入差距扩大的主要原因,而经营性收入差距的缩小可有效缩小城乡居民总收入差距。最后提出进一步缩小城乡居民收入差距、优化城乡居民收入结构的政策建议。 相似文献
100.
目的 考察农业技术进步如何影响农民收入差距,特别是在东部与中西部地区的差异,以及区域内的不平等现象。这为决策者提供精准依据,有助于推动农业现代化和农民共富,为解决方案提供新思路。方法 文章利用2011—2021年中国省级面板数据,通过RIF回归模型探讨农业技术进步对农民收入不平等的影响,特别关注东部与中西部地区的差异。结果 研究发现,农业技术进步总体上加剧了收入不平等,尤其在高收入农户中更明显,与人力资本和资本积累理论一致。东部地区农业技术进步有助于缩小收入差距,而中西部则加剧了不平等。城镇化水平和基础设施改善可缓和技术进步导致的收入不平等。农业前沿技术进步加剧了不平等,而农业技术效率的提升则有助于减少差距。结论 基于此提出政策建议:一是针对地区差异优化农业技术普及策略,尤其是在中西部地区关注低成本、高适应性技术;二是调整农业支持政策,减少技术进步对中西部农民收入不平等的影响;三是鼓励农业技术创新,优化创新激励机制,确保技术进步的红利公平惠及所有农民。 相似文献