建立突发性公共事务财政投入体系的对策研究

突发性公共事务的财政投入体系是防范和化解公共事务危害的最后一道防线。针对我国公共财政的实际情况,建立突发性公共事务财政投入体系的对策应包括:实现突发性公共事务财政投入形式的多样化及预备费的基金式管理,加大事前预防性财政投入的比例,编制突发性公共事务预算,并遵循预算编制和执行的原则,以实现提高我国政府管理突发性公共事务水平的目标。     

Monetary regime choice in Singapore: Would a Taylor rule outperform exchange-rate management?

A DSGE–VAR approach was adopted to examine the managed exchange-rate system at work in Singapore and to ask if the country had any reason to fear floating the exchange rate and adopting a Taylor rule. The results showed that, in terms of overall inflation volatility, the exchange rate rule had a comparative advantage over the Taylor rule when export-price shocks were the major sources of real volatility while a Taylor rule was preferable when domestic productivity shocks were dominant. The exchange-rate rule also dominated the Taylor rule for reducing inflation persistence.     

Endogenous human capital formation,distance to frontier and growth

We examine human capital's contribution to economy-wide technological progress through two channels – imitation and innovation – innovation being more skill-intensive than imitation. We develop a growth model based on the endogenous ability-driven skill acquisition decision of an individual. It is shown that skilled human capital is growth enhancing in the “imitation-innovation” regime and in the “innovation-only” regime whereas unskilled human capital is growth enhancing in the “imitation-only” regime. Steady state exists and, in the long run, the economy converges to the world technology frontier. In the diversified regime, technological progress raises the return to ability and generates an increase in wage inequality between and within groups – consistent with the pattern observed across countries.     

DEVELOPMENT PRESSURES AND HERITAGE IN THE PERTH CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT, 1950–90

This article examines the remaking of Perth's Central Business District (CBD) during the 1950–90 period. It traces the establishment of a modernist development ethos in Perth's planning, outlines the inadequacy of the City's planning regulations, and analyses the impact on St George's Terrace, the city's main commercial thoroughfare. The City Council was largely incapable of restraining excessive development and the extension of its system of plot ratios encouraged manipulation to increase the height of developments. Several important historic buildings were demolished because there were no legal means of safeguarding the city's heritage until 1990.     

Temporal stability of preferences and willingness to pay for natural areas in choice experiments: A test–retest

The main objective of this paper is to test the temporal stability of stated preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) values from a Choice Experiment (CE) in a test–retest. The same group of participants was asked the same choice tasks in an internet-based CE, conducted twice with a time interval of one year without interviewer interference. We examine choice consistency at individual choice task level and transferability of the underlying indirect utility function and associated WTP values. The results show that choices are consistent in 57 percent of the choice occasions. Comparison of the choice models over time shows that the estimated preference and scale parameters are significantly different, suggesting that choice behaviour changed between the two surveys. Differences between marginal WTP estimates for individual choice attributes are statistically significant only at the 10 percent level. However, we show that this can result in significantly different WTP values for policy scenarios. The instability of estimated mean WTP values for different policy scenarios asks for caution when including WTP values in cost-benefit analysis.     

R&D,trade in intermediate inputs,and the comparative advantage of advanced countries

This paper examines the accumulation of physical capital versus knowledge (R&D) capital as a determinant of advanced countries’ comparative advantage. I show that advanced countries are abundant in R&D resources, specialize in knowledge-intensive stages of high-technology industries, and outsource labor-intensive stages of the industries to labor-abundant countries. In contrast, global data on production and trade cannot support the conventional view that advanced countries specialize in and export capital-intensive goods. My results indicate that the accumulation of knowledge capital plays a vital role in explaining advanced countries’ comparative advantage.     

农业投入与农业增长的灰色关联分析

运用灰色系统理论建立关联分析模型,对中国1981年～2008年间农业增长及其影响因素：农作物播种面积、农业劳动力、政府财政支农、农业贷款、农机总动力以及化肥使用量等因素进行了定量分析,认为农业投资、农机总动力和化肥使用量是促进中国农业增长的关键性生产要素,并提出了加快我国农业机械化进程,加强政府财政支农投资力度等提高我国农业生产能力的政策建议。     

关于影响农业生产经营风险因素的实证分析

在农业生产领域中存在许多非人为的风险及人为因素可以克服或降低的风险,对于前者,我们可能很难解决,但是对于后者,我们可以采取相关的措施来预防与降低农业生产经营风险。具体到本文,主要通过对影响农业生产经营风险的两大因素,即农业投入与农业技术的实证分析,从而为降低农业生产经营风险提供政策导向。     

试析民族自治地方教育财政自治的基本内涵

财政自治与教育财政自治同属于我国民族自治地方依法享有的民族自治权利.由于我国多年来教育财政投入的不足,致使民族自治地方的教育自治权难以得到根本保障.本文主要对财政自治与民族教育财政自治的基本内涵进行阐释,并对教育财政自治与财政自治的关系作了分析,以利于对我国教育财政投入和民族教育财政自治问题作进一步研究.