Consumer Policy in a Market Economy Considerations from the Perspective of the Economics of Information,the New Institutional Economics as well as Behavioural Economics

The question concerning when a governmental intervention in the market system is justified has occupied economists from the very beginning and has been a controversial discussion topic for just as long. Against this background, with respect to modern consumer policy, which still represents a relatively young field in the theory of economic policy, it is vital to find sound economic reasons for governmental regulations in order to protect consumers. Therefore, the article attempts to assess what the various economic literatures have added to our understanding of good consumer policy. For this reason, those policy implications that might flow from different theoretical approaches in order to broaden the foundation of an economic justification for consumer policy will be analysed. For this purpose, the consumer policy implications of the Economics of Information will be described, including a denomination of some certain problems all of which are not covered satisfactorily by this approach. Subsequently and in order to amend the informational economics framework, further economical approaches from New Institutional Economics, Behavioural Economics as well as Behavioural Consumer Research, which provide a complementary analysis of consumer behaviour in consideration of the respective decision-making situations and determining constraints (formal and informal rules, cognitive and emotional boundaries), will be discussed comparatively with respect to their consumer policy implications.     

民间金融与农村减贫

作为世界上最大的发展中国家,中国一直为贫困所困扰。当前的扶贫政策,在金融制度安排方面,主要依赖于政府主导的正规金融,但由于在政府失灵现象发生的情况下,往往存在资金使用效率低下及资源浪费等问题。民间金融以其自身的比较优势,在民间减贫中起到了无可替代的作用,弥补了当前扶贫政策的不足。然而,现有的金融政策和环境还有不少因素制约着民间金融的发展。因此,应优化金融制度安排,采取相应策略更好地发挥民间金融在农村减贫中的作用。     

利益衡量视角下的绝对免赔额制度

本文认为,利益出发点的差异是绝对免赔额制度出台后引发广泛争论的根源所在。绝对免赔额制度涉及到多层利益,在不同利益层面上进行利益衡量是厘清利益关系的关键所在。按照不同利益之间的实现的优先性来确定整个利益系统和谐与否,不仅是拥护或反对这项制度,也是进行制度完善的理性的依据所在。     

中国股市与实体经济背离的根源探析

众多的实证分析表明中国股市与实体经济相背离,尤其是2001年以来这种背离更加明显。中国股市在上市、退市及股权分割等方面的制度缺陷是导致其背离的根源。要想改变中国股票市场与实体经济背离的现状就必须针对这些制度缺陷进行彻底的改革。     

从制度经济学看宁波外贸优势

主流经济学在解释国际贸易原因时,都未考虑制度因素对形成国际贸易优势的影响,将制度视为既定的或者制度的影响可以忽略不计,因而在解释现实世界中暴露出许多局限性。文章从分析宁波外贸优势原因出发,从产权制度、政府政策、人力资本和产业集群等方面分析了制度对宁波外贸发展     

外部压力能促进企业履行环境责任吗？——基于中国转型经济背景的实证研究

近年来,环境问题受到管理者和研究者的普遍关注,引导和管制企业履行环境责任已成为一个亟待解决的重大议题。文章基于利益相关者理论和制度理论,研究发现利益相关者压力和制度压力对企业环境责任具有显著的正向影响,伦理领导对利益相关者压力、制度压力与企业环境责任的关系具有中介作用,利他性价值观和绿色创新正向调节了伦理领导与企业环境责任的关系。研究结论有利于促进管理者对企业环境责任与企业财务绩效的融合,提升企业声誉和竞争力,可为政府制定政策和对企业进行环境责任监管提供帮助。     

An institutional perspective on consumers' environmental awareness and pro-environmental behavioral intention: Evidence from 39 countries

We adopted an institutional approach to examine the relationship between environmental awareness and pro-environmental behavioral intention at the individual level. We also compared the moderating effects of regulative, normative, and cognitive social institutions on this relationship. Based on survey data representing 42,962 consumers from 39 nations, we found that consumers' environmental awareness promoted their pro-environmental behavioral intention. Moreover, we found that normative social institutions negatively moderated the relationship between environmental awareness and pro-environmental behavioral intention, whereas cognitive social institutions positively moderated this relationship. This paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these empirical findings.     

产业耦合、区域异质性与新零售组织场域

新零售业态发展受制于零售业与物流业耦合状况。两业耦合约束下，如何构建新零售组织场域是深化零售业变革以提升经济效率的重要现实问题。文章首先量化分析中国东、中和西部区域零售业与物流业耦合关系及其协调发展水平；其次提出考虑区域异质性下的新零售制度创业优势路径，并剖析新零售组织场域建构过程及其逻辑。研究发现：(1)中国零售业与物流业处于正向非对称共生状态，且共生度表现明显的区域差异；(2)零售业与物流业耦合互动状况整体不佳，东部协调水平最高，总体处于中度协调阶段，西部协调水平最低，处于勉强协调阶段；(3)东、中和西部理应分别建构平台服务商、实体零售商和物流服务商主导下的新零售组织场域；(4)三种新零售组织场域形成过程中的制度创业、集体行动、合法性建立以及新旧制度联动变迁等组织行为逻辑存在差异。研究结论为推进中国新零售业态持续健康发展提供理论支撑和实践启示。     

CRTSⅠ型双块式无砟轨道道床板施工工艺与质量控制

目前在郑西铁路客运专线无砟轨道施工中,由中铁十七局集团承建的KHZQ11标段内CRTSⅠ型双块式无砟轨道道床板采用轨排法施工。为铁路客运专线无砟轨道施工不仅减少了成本,且施工质量及精度得到较好的控制。     

新农村规划应该坚持五大原则并妥善处理七大问题——基于湖北省鄂州、咸宁、荆门、黄冈四市的调研

新农村规划对于社会主义新农村建设具有重要指导意义,其可以划分为农村居民点整理和村庄规划两种类型。结合新农村规划现状,湖北省应在坚持"因地制宜、政府主导、一次规划、节约用地、以民为本"五大原则的基础上,妥善处理好土地利用规划与城镇体系规划的协调性、新农村规划中生产力布局、村庄规划设计、新农村规划与城市病、养老及新技术应用等七大问题。