陕西省农民收入增长问题研究

当前,在我国经济下行压力下,陕西省农民收入增长出现趋缓,收入结构发生较大变化。如何确保农民增收取得新的突破是一个值得研究的重要问题。文章利用文献分析与统计的方法,对陕西农民收入增长情况进行分析,结果显示:2001~2007年农民收入持续增长,2008年后开始回落。而在对农民收入结构特征分析中表明,家庭经营性收入仍是陕西省农民家庭收入的主要来源,但2012年以后有所下降,取而代之的是工资性收入成为农民收入最重要动力因素,农民转移性净收入呈逐年上涨趋势,财产性收入增长幅度波动较大。同时分析目前新常态下影响陕西省农民增收的关键因素,并从大力发展特色农业,建立农业品牌优势;促进农民就业,推动工资性收入增长;加快城乡统筹建设,促进农民转移性收入;深化农村产权改革,推动财产性收入有序增长;提高农村经济质量,完善农民增收长效机制等方面提出了促进农民增收的对策措施。     

干旱区塔里木河流域地下水资源统筹管理研究

地下水资源是流域水资源的重要组成部分,是干旱区生态环境的命脉。塔里木河流域地下水资源具有典型的"公共池塘资源悲剧"特征,存在地表水与地下水管理分割、统筹协调不足等问题。流域地下水资源开发利用处于相对失控状态,地下水资源的过度开发利用,造成部分地区河道断流、湖泊水位下降,产生了一系列生态环境问题。根据存在的问题,文章分别从完善流域与区域的地下水资源管理法规体系,完善源流与干流地下水资源管理体制,建立地下水库与地表水统筹调度模式,建立流域地下水与地表水资源统筹管理模式等方面提出了管理对策,以期促进塔里木河流域可持续发展。     

开放条件下中国大豆种子产业安全状况评估

转基因大豆的大量进口与外资在豆油压榨行业的垄断导致国产大豆种植面积与产量不断萎缩,进而对我国大豆种子产业的安全造成影响。文章在对大豆种业安全进行界定的基础上构建了产业安全评估体系,并用2002~2013年的指标数值进行了实证分析。结果表明:我国大豆种业2006年已陷入危机,之后安全状况不断恶化,2010~2013年已出现完全危机,大豆种企纷纷停止制种,经营大豆种子的公司大面积亏损、倒闭。造成这一状况的原因是国内大豆产业沦陷、种植大豆比较收益低、大豆属性定位不清、政策保护不足与大豆种子商品化率低。为保存国内大豆产业复苏、繁荣的基础,建议:(1)加大对大豆育种、制种、良种推广的政策扶持;(2)制定大豆最低种植面积红线;(3)提高大豆种子的商品化率、加快良种良法的大面积推广。     

农业多功能性评价研究进展

农业多功能性指农业在满足人类基本食物生产功能基础上同时具备经济、生态、文化等多项功能的特性。随着城镇化发展和新农村建设的不断深入,功能多元化已经成为现代农业系统的主要特征之一。基于农业多功能性理论和分析方法,统筹协调农业多种功能效用,已成为实现农业整体效益最大化和均衡可持续发展的重要途径。目前,国内外对农业多功能性基本概念及其理论体系等基础研究较为完善,但在农业多功能性评价相关的功能分类、指标构建、定量化方法等方面的研究有待加强。该文在系统梳理农业多功能性概念内涵及农业功能分类体系的基础上,从农业单功能、综合功能及多功能性的定量评价三方面综合探讨了国内外农业多功能性评价的近今进展,并提出农业多功能性评价的重点研究方向,即农业多功能性定量表征及其空间化、农业多功能相互作用机理解析、农业多功能性动态演变及趋势预测、农业多功能性多层次关联。     

高质量发展与“融合式创新”:基于安川电机产业升级的微观比较

"十四五"时期,中国要实现经济的持续恢复和高质量发展,就依然要解决好工业的高质量发展问题。要做到产业链供应链的自主可控,就仍需抓住企业变革这个产业系统的基础环节。政府的战略引导、金融支持和创新服务,这些发展中大国不可或缺的政策举措,终将要靠市场经济的主体企业在高质量发展中的实践构成创新的合力。理论研究与国际比较表明,现阶段工业高质量发展的本质特征就是实现产业结构的转型升级,而实现工业高质量发展的有效途径,还在于企业实行适合于自身技术和经营特点的融合式创新。观察与研究安川电机百年成长过程中4个转型时期的变革轨迹,就有可能使我们对制造产业的转型升级与高质量发展,获得与以往不一样的认识,并且在寻找切合企业实际的融合式创新方式上获得鲜活的启示或新的思路。     

Integrated performance management using information technology: a study of UK charities

This paper explores how UK charities use information technology (IT) to support integrated performance management (IPM). Based on six case studies of small and medium-sized charities (SMCs), it finds that SMCs see IT as important for IPM, but face significant barriers establishing effective IPM. The paper concludes that charities would benefit from a more strategic infrastructure approach to IT, integrating IT for data, information and knowledge.     

Integrated thinking and sustainability reporting assurance: International evidence

Recently, there has been increasing demand by stakeholders for firms to demonstrate how they create value within the context of their operating environment. Consequently, a new reporting approach, integrated reporting (IR), was conceptualised with its development linked to the firm's integrated thinking (IT). Yet very little is known about the effects of IT on firms' reporting decisions. Hence, we investigate whether IT influences firms' decision to publish an assured sustainability report. Using an international dataset, we find that IT is positively associated with sustainability reporting assurance. We also find that this association is moderated by the type of legal system such that for firms in code law countries, the IT effects are reduced. Nevertheless, the effects of IT remain strong, indicating that IT is important for reporting decisions regardless of the firm's contextual setting. These findings have implications for policymakers and organisations interested in promoting high-quality sustainability reporting.     

Linking Consumers’ Food Choice Motives to their Preferences for Insect‐based Food Products: An Application of Integrated Choice and Latent Variable Model in an African Context

Consumers’ attitudes, perceptions, personalities and motives play important roles in shaping their food choices. These factors are not fully observed by analysts, so they should be treated as latent variables. A number of economic studies treat such variables as direct measures of consumers’ food choice behaviour, even though this might introduce measurement error and endogeneity bias. We investigate the latent link between consumers’ preferences and food choice motives (FCMs) in an African context. We use an integrated choice and latent variable (ICLV) model specification for data analysis to recognise the latent nature of the FCMs and address the measurement and bias problems. The data originate from an incentivised discrete choice experiment conducted in Kenya to elicit consumers’ preferences for insect‐based foods. Our findings show that consumers’ preferences and choices are influenced by their latent motivational orientation. The results illustrate the benefit of the ICLV approach in accounting for consumers’ latent preference constructs in food choice and valuation research.     

雷达欺骗干扰特征提取与综合感知方法综述

雷达欺骗干扰的特征提取和综合感知是雷达抗干扰的前提条件，也是雷达抗欺骗干扰工作流程中的难点问题。从干扰机无意调制的细微特征、信号起伏特性、极化特征、动力学特性、微多普勒特征、组网雷达特性、多尺度分解特征、多域变换特性等方面综述了雷达欺骗干扰特征提取和综合感知方法的研究进展，总结了各种欺骗干扰感知方法的约束条件、运算量和识别性能，最后，指出了目前雷达欺骗干扰的特征提取和综合感知技术存在的问题以及未来的发展方向。     

Drifting between Counting Atoms and Telling Stories: Quantitative and Qualitative Ambient OOH Media Planning Guidelines for Emerging Economies

Currently, no guidelines exist to plan ambient out-of-home media in emerging economies. This study is one of the first to explore ambient out-of-home media from a media professional viewpoint. The findings revealed that practitioners in South Africa design campaigns to tell engaging stories in a social context that allows consumers to engage with the medium and the message, rather than just delivering mass media exposure and maximum audience reach. By reviewing the literature, illustrative cases, and obtaining insight from 20 experienced media professionals, this study offers guidelines on the qualitative and quantitative values when using ambient out-of-home media. The results of the research can be used to both appreciate and plan consumer-centered ambient out-of-home media in emerging economies.