The Nobel Memorial Prize for William D. Nordhaus

William D. Nordhaus and Paul M. Romer received the 2018 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. This paper surveys Nordhaus’ contributions on “integrating climate change into long‐run macroeconomic analysis”, for which he was recognized with this Prize.     

基于简单证据的目标多特征综合识别

针对目标多特征数据，提出了一种基于简单证据的综合识别算法。首先，利用模糊理论将接收的特征参数与知识库中的特征参数进行比较，匹配求出目标模糊隶属度；然后，根据模糊隶属度和特征参数可信度构造包含“未知”的简单证据；最后，用简单证据组合规则进行证据合成，求出识别结果。经过数字算例验证，该算法既能处理冲突证据又能减少证据合成时间。     

Farmland transition in China and its policy implications

China’s land use structure is closely related to its economic development. Based on the theoretical analysis framework of China’s farmland transition (FT), this paper establishes an evaluation index system for quantifying FT from two dimensions, the dominant transition and recessive transition, and uses K-means clustering to quantitatively divide the phases of FT in China over the past four decades. The results show that the FT in China has experienced several phases from slow transition, rapid transition, to steady transition and innovation transition, and demonstrates clear regional differences. The dominant transition phase, social and ecological farmland transition, mainly occurred during 2000–2010. The economic farmland transition occurred earlier, during 1990–2000. Spatially, the economic farmland transition gradually shifted from the southeast coastal area to the inland. The “structure-function” transition of China’s farmland in the past four decades can be divided into four phases: the preliminary exploration and development phase, the steady development and expansion phase, the market-oriented reform and deepening phase, and the reform and innovation phase. Finally, relevant policy implications and suggestions were proposed for the optimal management and regulation of farmland according to the characteristics of FT, its challenges and people’s new demand for farmland functions.     

Do Farmers and the Environment Benefit from Adopting Integrated Pest Management Practices? Evidence from Kenya

We estimate the impacts of a bundle of integrated pest management (IPM) practices on mango yield, mango net income, insecticide use, human health and the environment, using recent household survey data of mango growers in Kenya. We employ a multinomial endogenous switching treatment regression model with an ordered probit selection rule to establish counterfactual outcomes. Our results indicate that IPM‐adopting farmers have higher mango yields and mango net income, and also use lower quantities of insecticide and cause less damage to the environment and to human health. In addition, switching from one IPM to multiple IPM practices generates greater economic, environmental and human health benefits. These results suggest intensification of IPM‐adoption efforts and encouragement of the use of multiple IPM practices. These positive outcomes could be achieved through greater provision of technical support and extension services to farmers.     

试论变电站综合自动化改造中的问题及探讨

近年来,将变电站由常规站改为综自站渐渐成为一种趋势。综自改造后的变电站,其运行情况越来越依赖于自动化装置的实用性及成熟性。该文就综自改造中出现的问题做出相应分析,以寻找解决这些问题的合理方案。     

广州颐和集团别墅光伏光热热水系统描述与前景分析

由广州颐和集团别墅热水供应系统。按实际要求需要1.5m3热水,出水温度为55°C。要求对建筑进行全天候热水供应。采用11块138W多晶硅太阳能电池板串联组成发电阵列,查询广州历年气象数据,广州平均每天日照3.69小时,按照电池板倾角及设备转换效率计算,系统每天可提供5.6度电。     

光纤通信技术“教学做一体化”教学模式研究与探讨

"教学做一体化"教学模式是现代高等职业教育的一种有效方式。《光纤通信技术》课程教学做一体化教学模式研究与探讨是教学改革的有益尝试。本文从教学研究内容、研究与探索条件、教学研究取得成果几个方面进行了论述与研究。     

构建QEO一体化管理体系势在必行

质量管理体系(QMS)、环境管理体系(EMS)及职业健康安全管理体系(OHSMS)越来越受到企业的重视和青睐,为了在激烈的市场竞争中取得有利地位,组织积极构建QMS、EMS和OHSMS。而如何让这三个独立的体系在组织内有效运转,实现预期管理目标,也随之成为企业界和理论界关注的焦点问题。论文提出构建QEO一体化管理体系是解决上述问题的有效的方法,并分析了构建QEO一体化管理体系的必要性和可行性。     

高校科研统一信息系统的设计与应用

通过对高校科研统一信息系统构建的目标模式、系统设计原则和软硬件应用技术的分析,提出了高校科研统一信息系统创新的系统设计和应用模式,建立了一体化的、具有互动功能的高校科研统一信息系统,解决了科研信息不畅和科研管理信息化等问题。     

上海交通枢纽建设中的人口管理

在未来一段时间,上海综合交通枢纽建设的进一步加速,将对综合交通枢纽周边人口城市与发展带来较大影响。对人口管理、城市管理、土地资源、产业布局等影响因素进行了研究,提出交通枢纽区域人口综合管理的三大体系与九项具体对策,以期为人口综合管理决策提供参考。