中国房地产市场供给对房价影响时滞的路径分析

以中国近十多年房地产市场供给及房价的现实为基础,将供给划分为土地供给、增量供给和存量供给三种形式来分析供给对房地产价格存在的影响时滞问题,界定中国房地产市场供给对房价影响时滞的内涵,剖析中国近十多年来房地产供给对房价影响时滞所形成的路径。     

Controlling the commercialisation of science across inter-organisational borders: Four cases from two major Swedish universities

The purpose of this paper is to analyse how different types of controls are applied in different mechanisms for commercialising science, depending on the inter-organisational interactions involved. To achieve this purpose, we followed a multiple-case study design and selected four cases from Uppsala University and the Karolinska Institutet that provided variation in the commercialisation mechanisms (PET Centre, Ångström Materials Academy, Actar, and Karolinska Development). We find that action and result controls dominate in linear ‘spin-out’ funnel mechanisms, while interactive mechanisms entail a combination of action, result and personal controls. However, the inter-organisational interactions also impact which controls are applied in a commercialisation mechanism: conflicting goals between a few closely related organisations or limited external interactions are associated with result controls, while action controls dominate in the absence of external interactions if time and efficiency are key goals. Result controls also assume very different roles, depending on the inter-organisational context of a specific commercialisation mechanism.     

经管类专业与企业互动实践教学模式研究

在应用型人才培养为目标的大背景下，文章针对高校经管类专业的教学特点，剖析了经营中内外交困的企业与高校经管类专业合作的迫切性，提出校企步调一致，互通有无，共破困境。走共谋发展、共享资源、共研难题的双赢道路。     

Assessing Different Spatial Grouping Algorithms: An Application to the Design of Australia's New Statistical Geography

Abstract

Algorithms have been used to assist in the design of statistical geographies which define areal groupings for which official data are collected. Typically the groupings based on different parameter values or different algorithms are not formally compared, but summary statistics based on each solution can be constructed, some of which are based on fuzzy set principles. These principles can also be used to make incremental adjustments to solutions, based on different criteria. In this paper, we adopt the above methodology to compare the new statistical geography for New South Wales developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics with that generated by an amended version of the Coombes algorithm.

RÉSUMÉ On a utilisé des algorithmes pour faciliter la conception de géographies statistiques définissant des groupements par zone pour lesquels des données officielles sont recueillies. En général, on ne compare pas officiellement les groupements basés sur différentes valeurs paramétriques ou différents algorithmes, mais il est possible de créer des statistiques sommaires sur la base de chaque solution, certaines desquelles sont fondées sur des ensembles de principes flous. Ces principes peuvent également être utilisés pour effectuer des modifications progressives sur des solutions, sur la base de différents critères. Dans la présente communication, nous adoptons la méthodologie susmentionnée pour comparer la nouvelle géographie statistique pour la province des Nouvelles Galles du Sud, créée par l'Australian Bureau of Statistics, avec celle qui a été produite par une version modifiée de l'algorithme de Coombes.

EXTRACTO Se han utilizado algoritmos para ayudar en el diseño de geografías estadísticas que definan los agrupamientos de áreas para los que se recopilan datos oficiales. Típicamente, los agrupamientos basados en valores de parámetros diferentes o algoritmos diferentes no se comparan formalmente, pero pueden construirse estadísticas resumidas basadas en cada solución, algunas de las cuales se basan en principios establecidos difusos. Estos principios también pueden emplearse para hacer ajustes incrementales a soluciones, basados en diferentes criterios. En este estudio, adoptamos la metodología anterior para comparar la nueva geografía estadística aplicable a Nueva Gales del Sur, desarrollada por la Australian Bureau of Statistics, con la generada por una versión modificada del algoritmo de Coombes.

摘要 : 在统计地理学设计中人们引入一些算法来定义采集官方数据的不同区域

分组 。通 常情况下 ' 基于不同参数或者算法的分组方式之间不会进行正式比较 ' 但是我们可以基于每种方法构建统计概要 ' 其中有一些使用了模糊集合理论 。这些理论也可用来根据不同准则对方案进行增量调整 。本文中 ' 我们使用上述方法比较了澳大利亚统计局为新南威尔士州建立的新统计地理学和采用修订的Coombes算法 得到的统计地理学 。     

大学英语大班多维互动教学模式调查报告

大学英语教学的大班化已经成为不可改变的趋势。但在大班课堂教学中,如何开展多维互动已成为制约英语教学效果的主要因素。本文旨在通过调查,强调实施合作学习从而寻找到英语大班授课的多维互动模式,为大班英语教学找出了新的路子。     

Community in a recreational setting

Abstract

The loss of community and of traditional communal ties characteristic of modern industrial society has caused many people to search for alternative sources of social identification and solidarity. Recreational sites may afford some people opportunities for constructing communities on the basis of common interests. As part of an ongoing investigation, data have been gathered over several years to discover whether elements of community can be found in a marina's social system; evidence is being sought through examination of patterns of social interaction, the system of social ranking, and ties of affection that characterize the marina's social network. Data reveal a social organization at the marina comprising subgroups with complex interaction patterns, affective ties, and communal solidarity. It appears, therefore, that at this recreational site the structure and dynamics of an alternative form of community have been constructed by boaters.     

少数民族地区高等教育的发展与区域经济增长的关系——以云南大理白族自治州为例

少数民族地方高等教育与区域经济科学发展不是简单的决定与被决定的关系,也不是毫不相干的平行关系,而是在一个大环境下互相促进、共同发展的利益共同体关系。区域经济发展得好,地方高等教育就有了强大的物质支撑力和载体;地方高等教育发展上去了,又能反过来推动区域经济上新台阶。通过这种良性互动两者将实现双赢。文章以云南大理白族自治州作实证分析,提出策略选择。     

Customer Involvement in Product Development: An Industrial Network Perspective

Purpose: In business markets, working with customers and users has become increasingly important to get knowledge about customer needs and to develop new products. The purpose of this article is twofold: (1) to develop a framework for analyzing customer involvement in product development in a business market context, and (2) to apply this framework to a particular company to describe and analyze how it practices customer involvement.

Methodology/approach: The article takes its main theoretical starting point in the industrial network approach, but also uses other literature from the innovation and product development field. The empirical study applies a qualitative case study approach and focuses on one company in the truck business.

Findings: The suggested framework deals with four key aspects of customer involvement: Why, when, how, and who. The observed pattern of the truck manufacturer shows how dealers, hauliers, and truck drivers are all part of the overall understanding of the customer. These actors are involved for different, typically very clear, purposes at different points in time through surveys, product clinics, and field testing. The pattern, referred to as mixed facilitative, is not one of close collaboration with individual customers, but one of broad involvement of several customers through business intelligence and direct involvement.

Research implications: First, the article provides researchers with a framework and method for studying customer involvement in product development. Second, the case study provides an illustrative example of the customer involvement pattern pursued by a leading company in a major industry. This enhances the understanding of the focal phenomenon, leads to managerial implications, and gives ideas for future research.

Practical implications: There are several managerial implications related to the why, when, how, and who questions. For example, it is pointed out that managers should consider involving customers more extensively than what seems to be common today—for example, by using customers as codevelopers, working with them throughout the entire development process (i.e., not only early and late), and including different types of users (with different requirements and wishes).

Originality/value/contribution of the article: The contribution lies in the development of a framework centered on the four key questions of customer involvement in

product development and using this framework for observing a pattern, and finding explanations and relating this pattern to how other firms are doing.     

产业集群与人才集群的互动关系初探——基于系统动力学的思想框架

首先综述了产业集群与人才集群的相关理论，重点分析产业集群与产业集聚以及人才集群的区别与联系；继而基于系统动力学理论，从产业集群促进人才集群和人才集群促进产业集聚两个角度研究两者的互动关系；最后从微观、中观、宏观三个层次阐述促进产业集群与人才集群两者互动的政策建议。     

声光双控节能灯电路设计

为解决工厂长明灯现象,设计了一种声光双控节能电路供楼道照明灯用,其功能:夜间有人上下楼时,照明灯自动点亮,灯亮后延时2～3分钟,会自动熄灭;白天照明灯受人走动的控制,灯不会点亮。整个电路由电源电路,放大电路,处理电路(声控电路、光控电路)及延时电路等部分组成。