全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19582篇 |
免费 | 819篇 |
国内免费 | 266篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 5095篇 |
工业经济 | 681篇 |
计划管理 | 3504篇 |
经济学 | 3371篇 |
综合类 | 2433篇 |
运输经济 | 99篇 |
旅游经济 | 180篇 |
贸易经济 | 2451篇 |
农业经济 | 840篇 |
经济概况 | 2013篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 55篇 |
2023年 | 354篇 |
2022年 | 304篇 |
2021年 | 521篇 |
2020年 | 741篇 |
2019年 | 576篇 |
2018年 | 520篇 |
2017年 | 677篇 |
2016年 | 649篇 |
2015年 | 673篇 |
2014年 | 1308篇 |
2013年 | 1980篇 |
2012年 | 1382篇 |
2011年 | 1679篇 |
2010年 | 1215篇 |
2009年 | 1163篇 |
2008年 | 1376篇 |
2007年 | 1199篇 |
2006年 | 1207篇 |
2005年 | 884篇 |
2004年 | 604篇 |
2003年 | 430篇 |
2002年 | 276篇 |
2001年 | 213篇 |
2000年 | 183篇 |
1999年 | 126篇 |
1998年 | 92篇 |
1997年 | 63篇 |
1996年 | 68篇 |
1995年 | 40篇 |
1994年 | 27篇 |
1993年 | 24篇 |
1992年 | 23篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
Domenico Mario Nuti 《Economics of Transition》1996,4(1):137-158
Central and Eastern European economies have made extraordinary progress in their trade and exchange regimes. Surprisingly, instant convertibility was established for a great variety of exchange rate regimes. In spite of diversity, all these countries have followed a common pattern: severe initial undervaluation - the cost of speed and unrestricted trade - followed by rapid real revaluation and incipient protectionism. Since 1994 in many cases an embarrass de richesse has appeared: high capital inflows which are either inflationary or costly to sterilize. A major cause of these flows - or at any rate of the high cost of sterilization - is the presence of significant interest rate differentials higher than required to cover the risk of devaluation. These are the necessary consequence of a policy of positive real interest rates and of real revaluation from excessively undervalued exchange rates. Lower interest rates are recommended, both to stem financial capital inflows and to reduce the cost of their sterilization. 相似文献
83.
A model of farmer decision making is developed to determine the extent to which uncertainties about soil fertility and weather affect the value of site-specific technologies (SSTs) using jointly estimated risk and technology parameters. Uncertainty can lead risk-averse farmers to apply more fertilizers and generate more pollution than in the certainty case. Ignoring uncertainty and risk aversion would overestimate the economic and environmental benefits of SSTs and underestimate the subsidy required to induce adoption. Accounting for uncertainties and risk preferences might explain the low observed adoption rates of SSTs. Improving the accuracy of SSTs would increase the incentives for adoption. 相似文献
84.
Aart Kraay 《Journal of International Economics》2003,59(2):297-321
Do high interest rates defend currencies during speculative attacks? Or do they have the perverse effect of increasing the probability of a devaluation of the currency under attack? Drawing on evidence from a large sample of speculative attacks in developed and developing economies, this paper argues that the answer to both questions is ‘no’. In particular, this paper documents a striking lack of any systematic association whatsoever between interest rates and the outcome of speculative attacks. The lack of clear empirical evidence on the effects of high interest rates during speculative attacks mirrors the theoretical ambiguities on this issue. 相似文献
85.
《Journal of International Economics》2003,59(1):137-159
Using an optimizing model of a small open economy, this paper studies the macroeconomic effects of PPP rules whereby the government increases the devaluation rate when the real exchange rate—defined as the price of tradables in terms of nontradables—is below its long-run level and reduces the devaluation rate when the real exchange rate is above its long-run level. The paper shows that the mere existence of such a rule can generate aggregate instability due to self-fulfilling expectations. The result is shown to obtain in both flexible- and sluggish-price environments. 相似文献
86.
We investigate how the elimination of intra-European exchange risk may affect international financial markets using a conditional version of the International CAPM. We estimate the EMU and non-EMU components of aggregate currency risk and document significant exposures to both. The premium for EMU risk is positive and associated with exposure to the French, Italian and Spanish currencies. The premium for non-EMU risk is consistently negative and accounts for most of the aggregate currency premiums. In the 1990s, exposures to EMU risk declined significantly while exposures to non-EMU risk increased. Hence the adoption of the Euro is unlikely to have a large impact on aggregate currency risk premiums. 相似文献
87.
In this paper a multi-factor generalization of Ho–Lee model is proposed. In sharp contrast to the classical Ho–Lee, this generalization
allows for those movements other than parallel shifts, while it still is described by a recombining tree, and is a process
with stationary independent increments to be compatible with principal component analysis. Based on the model, generalizations
of duration-based hedging are proposed. A continuous-time limit of the model is also discussed.
This research was supported by Open Research Center Project for Private Universities: matching fund subsidy from MEXT, 2004–2008
and also by Grants-in-Aids for Scientific Research (No. 18540146) from the Japan Society for Promotion of Sciences. 相似文献
88.
We investigate bank stocks'sensitivity to changes in interest rates and the factors affecting this sensitivity. We focus on whether the exposure of commercial banks to interest rate risk is conditioned on certain balance sheet and income statement ratios. We find a significantly negative relation between bank stock returns and changes in interest rates over the period 1991–1996. We also find that bank characteristics measured from basic financial statement information explain bank stocks'sensitivity to interest rate changes. These results suggest that bank managers, analysts, and regulators can use this information to assess the relative risk exposure of banks. 相似文献
89.
银行内部审计随着银行业务的扩大,越来越受到高层管理者的重视,它是由相对独立、较为超胶铁稽核部门来执行的一种再监督。加入WTO以后,银行稽核工作从观念到工作方法都将发生重大变革。首先是观念的变革,银行内部审计的重点将由事后审计向事前审计转移,突出表现为检查风险向控制风险转移,内容由财务收支、资产质量等专项稽核向整体评价转移,更加注重绩效审计,同时加强对风险评估和管理方面的审计;其次是工作方法的变化,手段上充分利用计算机处理原始数据,方法上改变过去被动地接受稽核项目,按稽核方案对所辖行实施无差别的稽核,转为利用内部控制评价结果有区别地决定稽核对象、稽核频率、现场稽核的检查面。 相似文献
90.
This article considers a linear regression model with some missing observations on the response variable and presents two
estimators of regression coefficients employing the approach of minimum risk estimation. Small disturbance asymptotic properties
of these estimators along with the traditional unbiased estimator are analyzed and conditions, that are easy to check in practice,
for the superiority of one estimator over the other are derived.
Received May 2001 相似文献