Bilateral Trade Balances: Evidence from Malaysia*

This study examines the impacts of real exchange rates on the bilateral trade balances of Malaysia with the USA, Japan and Singapore. The results for the long‐run cointegrating vectors show that depreciation or devaluation of real exchange rates will improve bilateral trade balances. In the short run, there is some evidence of the J‐curve phenomenon. Changes in real money supply contribute greatly to changes in real exchange rates. Generally, changes in real exchange rates contribute significantly to changes in bilateral trade balances. Monetary policy can be used to influence bilateral trade balances.     

建设可规则性调控总量和结构性碳排放交易体系--中国探索与深圳实践

为低成本实现节能减排目标，中国启动了七省市碳排放交易试点工作。可规则性调控配额和结构性交易机制，是适应于中国现阶段国情的碳排放交易模式。深圳借鉴欧美等成熟碳排放交易体系经验，立足于深圳实际，大胆进行理论和方法创新，以遏制需求和控制增长为出发点，建立了“四种类型，三个板块”的可规则性调控总量和结构减排的区域型碳排放交易体系，有益于建设符合中国国情的碳排放交易体系。     

开放视角下和谐经济与中国经济安全

贸易保护和歧视政策正成为当前一些国家和地区维持自身产业安全和经济发展的“借口”，同时又构成国际社会极力拒绝贸易保护主义和主张公平交易的话题。中国经济的高速发展，带动了世界经济的前行。但不容否认，中国经济发展进程中还存在诸多不和谐因素，如经济发展方式不合理、各种贸易争端依然存在等。本文提出了关于化解经济发展中的不利因素、推动多边经济体和谐发展及中国经济安全的对策。     

近代天津洋行的毛皮原料贸易

洋行是中国半封建半殖民地时期特有的社会现象,作为外国人在华经营的商业机构,它伴随资本主义列强入侵中国而孽生,又伴随列强在华特权丧失而消亡。近代天津是北方重要的通商口岸,曾经吸引了几百家外国洋行在此落户。依仗资本优势和不平等条约的保护,洋行在这里将触角深入到中国腹地,搜刮内陆地区的物产,其中毛皮原料是主要的大肆掠夺的物品之一。几十年里洋行掠走的毛皮数量惊人,严重阻碍了中国民族皮革业和毛纺织业的发展。     

Industry associations and non-competitive behaviour in Australian wool marketing: Evidence from the Melbourne Woolbrokers' Association, 1890–1939

From the 1890s the sale of Australian wool was organised through a series of regionally based associations of wool selling brokers and wool buyers. They engaged in cartel-type behaviour by price fixing and exclusive dealing. We ask the question whether the wool selling brokers exploited their monopoly power to thefull in setting fees and charges paid by the growers and buyers. Association records provide data on the pricing structure and rationale for changes. We surmise that the existence of the cartel lifted prices above competitive levels. However, the pricing behaviour was moderated to a strong form of limit pricing.     

ESP教学——外贸英语教学现状及几点教学策略

随着经济全球化进程的加速,多元文化不断接触融合,各国之间的经贸活动越来越频繁。客观上看,融入世界经济的中国不再需求单一的外语人才,单纯的语言培训已经不能满足快速运行的经济对语言人才的需要。如何在外语教学过程中有计划、有目的、有系统和有效率地实施ESP(English for Specific Purposes)教学已成为外语教学共同关注的焦点。本文通过对外贸英语的现状及框架分析,从多个角度讨论了外贸专业英语的教学法并指出外贸专业英语教学是建立在基础英语和外贸专业知识教学这两块基石上的。     

文化语境下的进口商标翻译

商标名称对于一个企业的产品效益有着至关重要的作用。而中国作为全球最大的消费市场,无数的国际品牌争相抢占这个巨大的市场,其产品的商标翻译的重要性亦随之显现出来。     

U.S. Canned Tuna Supply and Demand

Abstract

A 3SLS econometric model is used to estimate price elasticities of supply and demand for domestically produced and imported canned tuna in the U.S. market. In addition, a VAR model is developed to examine the relations between imports and domestically produced canned tuna. For domestically produced canned tuna, a 3SLS estimation of a structural econometric model yielded a coefficient for price elasticity of supply of 0.2 and of own-price demand of ?0.3. Such price inelasticities are expected of a fishery exploited at or near its maximum yields (inelastic supply), and a consumer product widely viewed as almost a necessity in a well-stocked pantry (inelastic demand). In addition, the model yielded a cross-price elasticity of demand with respect to the price of imported canned tuna of 0.45. Additional results include an income elasticity U.S. demand for domestically packed tuna of 0.83; a cross-price elasticity with the price of bread (a complement) of ?0.33, a cross-price elasticity for the price of ground meat (a substitute) of 0.30. With respect to imported canned tuna in the U.S. market, the corresponding elasticities estimated in the model are ?1.3 (own-price demand), 3.5 (income elasticity), ?1.2 (cross-price with the price of bread) and 2.5 (cross-price with the price of ground meat).

For canned tuna company managers, the results provide useful information about the likely effects on sales that would come from their own price changes, from changes in the price of imported canned tuna, and from price changes in the markets for complementary and substitute products. They can also use our results in discussions with U.S. trade negotiators, who are frequently faced with disputes over tariffs, market access, and other trade issues.     

浅析外贸企业的客户信用风险管理

随着我国市场经济和国际贸易的快速发展,信用交易方式已成为外贸企业的主要结算方式之一,随之而来的是企业的信用风险日益加剧。因此如何加强外贸企业的信用风险管理,建立一套适合自身情况的信用风险管理模式,成为外贸企业必须解决的问题。本文介绍了信用风险的相关理论,提出了适合外贸企业的信用额度确定方法,并阐述了外贸企业在信用销售后应该采用的技术控制方法及应该配套制定的信用管理制度。     

Has Labor Income Become More Volatile? Evidence from International Industry‐Level Data

Changes in labor market institutions and the increasing integration of the world economy may affect the volatility of capital and labor incomes. This article documents and analyzes changes in income volatility using data for 11 industrialized countries, 22 industries and 35 years (1970–2004). The article has four main findings. First, the unconditional volatility of labor income has declined in parallel to the decline in macroeconomic volatility. Second, the industry‐specific, idiosyncratic component of labor income volatility has hardly changed. Third, cross‐sectional heterogeneity is substantial. If anything, the labor incomes of high‐ and low‐skilled workers have become more volatile relative to the volatility of capital incomes. Fourth, the volatility of labor income relative to the volatility of capital income declines in the labor share. Trade openness has no clear‐cut impact.