The Diversity and Causality of Welfare State Reforms Explored with Fuzzy-Sets

The introduction of fuzzy-sets into social science has potentially improved our ability to study diversity by means of the so-called partial memberships. As a consequence, social phenomena can be studied empirically as a matter of degree and not longer as fixed types. A fuzzy-set is a set with elements whose membership grades can have any real value between 0 and 1. In order to illustrate the capacities of the fuzzy set logic and also to make the discussion less abstract, it will be applied to the study of welfare state reforms. The ‘grading capacity’ of fuzzy-sets makes it possible to study welfare states as partial members of different welfare state regimes at the same time. This approach reveals the diversity of welfare reforms better than traditional ways which are often inclined to picture a case as representative of one particular type which is a too crude classification. Fuzzy-sets are designed to capture the diversity in a way that leaves more room to map individual cases without falling into the trap of idiosyncrasy. An equally important ability of fuzzy-sets is to analyse causal relationships in a small-n design. The fuzzy-set logic can be used to determine necessary and sufficient conditions for an outcome. This takes the form of expressions which reveal multiple-conjunctural causation patterns. In this paper the conditions for welfare cutbacks and the effects on socio-economic performance will be examined.     

小议建筑工程预结算审核及存在的问题

工程造价的预结算审核是合理确定工程造价的必要程序及重要手段。文章在分析工程造价中存在问题的基础上,探讨了建筑工程预结算审核的内容及方法和存在的问题。     

创新廉政建设机制 推进广西农垦经济发展

近年来,广西农垦坚持标本兼治、综合治理、惩防并重、注重预防的方针,把纪检监察工作融入农垦经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设和党的建设中,为广西农垦经济健康和谐发展提供了坚强的保障。文章提出加强理论教育、创新干部选拔机制、完善干部培训机制、提升干部素养等廉政建设措施,以期确保广西农垦经济健康快速发展。     

接触网弹性对吊弦偏移影响的研究

通过对接触网弹性和吊弦偏移进行分析,研究减少吊弦偏移的新方法。     

International arbitration of investment disputes: are poor and badly governed respondent states more likely to lose?

Compelling empirical evidence on whether investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) is systematically biased against poor respondent states hardly exists. We focus on disentangling the effects of the respondent state’s per-capita income and the strength of domestic rule of law on ISDS outcomes. We find that both higher income and stronger than ‘normal’ rule of law reduce the probability of investor wins in international arbitration of disputes.     

建构的世界经济地理格局——以战后日本崛起为例

经济地理学作为地理学的重要分支学科之一,其研究思潮和研究视角都发生了巨大的变迁。在现有的研究中,经济地理学明显忽视了世界经济体系中的国家行为体以及政治因素对经济地理格局形成的探讨。首先以社会建构主义理论为出发点,从探讨国家作为世界经济系统中的行为体为切入点,指出国家是世界经济体系中的真实的行为体,是有意愿、信念、意图等人的性质的。由此,国家跟人一样具有四种不同的身份以及相应的国家利益。身份包含了利益的成分,是利益的先决条件,国家通过确立身份才能确立利益的范围和数量。然后,本文以战后日本的崛起为例,实证研究了国家层面的政治与经济互动下的世界经济地理格局形成的机理。研究结果有利于促进和深化学科交叉以及经济地理学的理论研究,对指导我国崛起以及处理与世界大国、周边国家关系提供参考。     

试论国有企业改革中土地资产处置的方式及其选择

合理处置国有企业划拨土地使用权,对盘活国有土地资产、发挥国有土地资产效应、促进国有企业改革、国民经济的布局调整和企业科技进步等,具有十分重要意义。本文在分析当前我国国有企业改制中各土地资产处置方式及其土地权能和优缺点的基础上,提出了以出让为基础、租凭为主导、限制作价出资（入股）和授权经营使用、严格控制划拨用地范围作为其未来的发展选择。