金融危机对广东外贸的影响及对策分析

2008年以来,中国受到金融危机的冲击,经济对外依存度高的广东首当其冲。国际经济形势恶化对广东进出口的影响可能进一步加深,但广东出口产品结构的优化、产品的价格优势、应对外部环境变化能力的不断增强以及对新兴市场的开拓使其在全球金融危机的大背景下仍然保有对外贸易平稳发展的不少有利条件和积极因素,只要进一步加快产业升级、积极延伸产业价值链、努力开拓新兴市场,广东外贸将能够平稳度过全球金融危机的冲击。     

制药企业药品开发项目中研发与营销的整合

近年来,大量研究证实了市场导向与企业绩效之间的显著正向关系。制药企业经营环境的变化也要求制药企业必须采用市场导向的经营理念：本文指出对于制药企业而言市场导向对内集中体现为研发与营销的整合。本文从现状、结构及产出三个方面,分析了制药企业药品开发项目中研发与营销整合措施的运用,并进一步探讨目前制药企业研发与营销整合所面临的困难与挑战。     

Combining Keynes and Schumpeter. Ingvar Svennilson’s contribution to the Swedish growth school and modern economics

In a study of European growth in the interwar period, the Swedish economist Ingvar Svennilson integrated a Keynesian theory of demand-led cumulative growth with a Schumpeterian analysis of transformation. Today, Svennilson is seen, together with the Schumpeterian economists Johan Åkerman and Erik Dahmén, as members of a unique Swedish growth school. A combination of Keynes and Schumpeter with Svennilson as a mediator has been facilitated by neo-Schumpeterian theories of demand-led innovations. But it has been obstructed by a hypothesis in the Schumpeterian tradition that productivity growth is stimulated by low aggregate demand and by Svennilson<img src="/content/l681120r2p487636/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">s strong commitment to <img src="/content/l681120r2p487636/xxlarge8220.gif" alt="ldquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">Verdoorn<img src="/content/l681120r2p487636/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">s Law<img src="/content/l681120r2p487636/xxlarge8221.gif" alt="rdquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> which actually is Svennilson<img src="/content/l681120r2p487636/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">s Law. However, Svennilson<img src="/content/l681120r2p487636/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">s analyses of the importance of short-run imbalances for economic growth and the existence of imperfect capital markets discriminating progressive new firms have direct equivalences in modern macroeconomics. Svennilson<img src="/content/l681120r2p487636/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">s main contributions to economics of today are his syntheses between macroeconomic and structural analysis, short and long run theoretical perspectives and, more basically, between theoretical and empirical research.JEL Classification: B25, E32, L6, N14, O11, O14, O31, O4A Swedish version of the paper was presented at the 7th Nordic Conference on the History of Economic Thoughts in Molde (Norway), May 2-4, 2003 and at the Ratio institute (Stockholm), May 8, 2003. I thank participants, Rolf Henriksson and two anonymous referees for valuable comments.     

Vertical Structure and Patent Pools

It is well known that patent pools can enhance efficiency by eliminating the complements problem. This paper investigates how the presence of vertically integrated firms affects the economic impact of a patent pool. Without a patent pool, the presence of integrated firms may either increase or decrease the final product price as there are two countervailing effects – reduced double marginalization and raising rivals<img src="/content/x066044pg867l252/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> costs. However, when there is a patent pool, vertical integration always lowers the final product price. In conclusion, the economic efficiency arguments for patent pools are enhanced when some firms are vertically integrated.