The legal theory of finance and the financial instability hypothesis: Convergences and possible integration

This article presents the legal theory of finance (LTF) and compares it with the financial instability hypothesis (FIH), identifying points of convergence and divergence. The study aims to contribute to the literature by connecting these theories and provides the following main conclusions. First, the LTF incorporates aspects of the FIH, as the theories share several key elements, particularly the presence of fundamental uncertainty, the constraint of liquidity, and the necessity for governments to act as lenders of last resort. Second, the liquidity concept used in the LTF can be better comprehended with the use of Keynesian and post Keynesian literature on the topic. Third, the LTF aims to advance and update certain aspects of Minsky’s theory, particularly with regard to the globalization of markets, power relations, and the interdependencies of the political economy of finance. The study concludes that the theories are more complementary than divergent and future studies should create an analytical framework that integrates the theories’ most insightful aspects.     

第三方支付相关基础法律问题探讨

第三方支付不是单纯的货币转移支付,而是与商业交易密切相关。互联网支付是典型的"担保支付",第三方为付款人的货币支付和收款人的货物交付进行了担保,有效保证了交易合同的全面履行,付款人支付的货币资金具有反担保保证金性质;预付卡支付和银行卡收单支付都是委托代理支付,预付卡支付第三方收到付款人的货币资金属于保管行为。     

Institutional Economics as Theory of Policy Change: Impact of Past Policy Failures on Present Policy

Social scientists have developed several theories for understanding or evaluating policy change over time. Since all costs or benefits are not internalized owing to positive transaction costs, policymaking is always implemented under cost underestimation conditions and, therefore, is imperfect. I call this trait policy failure in this article. Furthermore, I show that a new framework combining the social costs approach and the legal/economic approach in institutional economics is suitable and can be applied to evaluating how past policy failures affect present policy, providing as an example the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan.     

International Public Sector Accounting Standards （IPSAS） Implementation in the European Union （EU） Member States

The aim of this paper is to analyze the implementation level of International Public Sector Accounting Standards （IPSAS） in the member states of the European Union （EU）. After an introduction of the legislative framework in the EU and a review of the literature about the implementation of IPSAS in the EU member states, this paper classifies, on the basis of a survey, the states according to their formal implementation levels of IPSAS. It also analyzes the types of accounting （cash basis accounting, modified cash basis accotmting, accrual accounting, and modified accrual basis accounting） used by the states studied. The survey shows that there are important disparities among the member states, both for the application of IPSAS and for the type of accounting that is used. Furthermore, it appears that even if IPSAS is not legally adopted in most European member states, there is a tendency to use modern accounting systems based on accrual accounting close to IPSAS.     

国际金融危机下完善中小企业税收优惠制度的法律思考

税收优惠是国家在税收方面给予纳税人和征税对象的各种优待的总称。在中国,99%的企业是中小企业。长期以来我国都有关于中小企业税收优惠的规定,从而促进了中小企业的快速发展。此次国际金融危机使我国中小企业的发展面临严峻挑战,保护中小企业迫切需要税收优惠政策的支持。完善中小企业税收优惠制度,对于帮助中小企业顺利度过难关,促进国民经济发展,维护社会稳定均有重大意义。本文通过借鉴当前金融危机形势下各国关于中小企业税收优惠制度的调整经验,对我国现存相关立法进行了全面剖析,并就完善该项制度提出几点建议。     

突出《债权法》教学的特色,提高法学专业本科人才的法律应用能力

通过阐述《债权法》课程性质、目的与任务,提出《债权法》课程在法学专业本科人才培养过程中的地位、作用,以及债权法的教学内容与基本要求,突出课程的教学特色和教学方法的创新,以达到提高学生知识应用能力的目标,提高法学专业本科人才的法律应用能力。     

医疗机构从零售药店购进药品所涉及的法律问题

目的：理清医疗机构从零售药店购进药品所涉及的相关法律问题，为正确适用法律提供参考。方法：案例研究、探索性的逻辑分析和法条分析方法。结果与结论：医疗机构从零售药店购进药品不具有违法性，不需要承担法律责任。零售药店在医疗机构要求的情况下，向医疗机构销售少量药品，也不具有违法性，不应当进行处罚。这一结论也适用于零售药店从其他零售药店购进药品的处理。     

论电动车管理的规范化——以武汉市为例

电动车因其行驶时无污染、低噪音、不耗油、低辐射等特点得到了迅速的发展。但在发展过程中却遇到了许多问题和困境。对此,武汉市政府应该出台有关法律法规和措施对电动车进行规范化管理,但在政策的制定时要慎重调研和分析,在考虑各方利益的前提下寻找解决问题的办法和途径。     

论教育法律救济在教育中的作用

虽然我国已有一系列的教育法规,但是,这些法规对教师的教育权利受到侵害时的法律救济手段规定的不是很完善,这是因为,立法者并没有意识到这些教育法律救济制度在教育中的作用。本文拟对这一不可或缺的制度的作用进行分析,以引起教育立法者对该制度的重视,应完善我国的教育立法,使教师无后顾之忧地履行起他们光荣的使命。