A core-theoretic solution for the design of cooperative agreements on transfrontier pollution

For a simple economic model of transfrontier pollution, widely used in theoretical studies of international treaties bearing on joint abatement, we offer in this paper a scheme for sharing national abatement costs through international financial transfers that is inspired by a classical solution concept from the theory of cooperative games—namely, the core of a game. The scheme has the following properties: total damage and abatement costs in all countries are minimized (optimality property), and no coalition or subset of countries can achieve lower total costs for its members by taking another course of action in terms of emissions or transfers, under some reasonable assumption about the reactions of those not in the coalition (core property). In the concluding section economic interpretations of the scheme are proposed, including its connection with the free-riding problem.     

The role of control power allocation in service supply chains: Model analysis and empirical examination

In complex and competitive business environment, there have been many examples of supply chain members fighting for power. Therefore, researchers have begun focusing on the impact of control power allocation on the supply chain. This paper examines the allocation of power in different service supply chain relationships, analyzing the impact of service level on optimal control power allocation and comparing the differences between the optimal power distribution in service supply chains and that of manufacturing supply chains. We adopt a mathematical model building method to discuss this issue, verifying the theoretical perspectives through empirical studies of China's largest state-owned logistics company, the China Railway Company, and the private ownership enterprise, Tianjin SND Logistics Company. We also develop a conceptual model of the influence of control power on the performance of service supply chains, based on the modeling and case analysis. The conceptual model shows several results: the control power allocation determines the dominant structure of the supply chain; the service provider's wholesale pricing strategy and the service integrator's sales price strategy present different outcomes under various dominant structures of the supply chain, which will greatly affect the performance of the corresponding supply chain; and the relationship between the supply chain dominant structure and the price can be adjusted by the service level.     

广西高质量发展水平评价及时空差异研究

在分析高质量发展内涵的基础上,从经济高质量、创新高质量、协调高质量、绿色高质量、开放高质量、共享高质量六个方面构建了包括30个指标的广西高质量发展水平评价指标体系;采用熵值法确定权重,综合计算2008年—2017年广西14个地级市的高质量发展水平综合分值以及10年的平均分值;从时间变化和空间差异两个角度对比分析广西的高质量发展状况,综合分析表明,南宁市、桂林市高质量发展水平较高,柳州市、崇左市、钦州市、北海市、防城港市、玉林市高质量发展水平中等,贵港市、梧州市、河池市、贺州市、百色市、来宾市高质量发展水平一般;最后根据分析结果对14个地级市提出相应的高质量发展建议。     

Psychological Bias as a Driver of Financial Regulation

I propose here the psychological attraction theory of financial regulation – that regulation is the result of psychological biases on the part of political participants – voters, politicians, bureaucrats, and media commentators; and of regulatory ideologies that exploit these biases. Some key elements of the psychological attraction approach are: salience and vividness, omission bias, scapegoating and xenophobia, fairness and reciprocity norms, overconfidence, and mood effects. This approach further emphasises emergent effects that arise from the interactions of individuals with psychological biases. For example, availability cascades and ideological replicators have powerful effects on regulatory outcomes.     

中国国家标准供给水平研究

基于中国国家标准与国际标准化组织（ISO）、标准电工委员会（IEC）与国际电信联盟（ITU）三大国际标准组织为代表的国际标准的全面比较,考量中国国家标准的相对供给水平。结果表明：中国现行国家标准总体上供给较为充足,但仍存在一些供给指数较低的技术领域,且国家标准的供给质量仍需进一步提高。鉴此,应结合产业发展的需求,调整国家标准的供给结构与供给指数,以充分发挥标准推动经济社会发展的重要作用。     

Rater Rating‐Level Bias and Accuracy in Performance Appraisals: The Impact OF Rater Personality,Performance Management Competence,and Rater Accountability

We studied the problem of rating‐level bias and rating accuracy among retail managers of a Fortune 500 retailer. Hypotheses were tested regarding the relationship among managers’ Five‐Factor Model (FFM) personality characteristics, their competence in performance management, and their levels of bias and accuracy in appraisals made in situations differing on levels of rater accountability. Associate store managers (N = 125) rated subordinates, peers and managers under conditions of high and low rater accountability. We found support for the stability of rating‐level bias across rating situations. Raters’ levels of agreeableness and assertiveness were related to mean rating levels across situations, and U‐shaped relationships were found in predicting one measure of rating accuracy such that high and low levels of these two traits were related to greater rating inaccuracy. Conscientiousness scores were significantly (and negatively) correlated with highly accountable mean ratings of subordinates. Performance management competence was related to rating‐level bias in both high‐ and low‐accountability conditions and contributed incremental validity in the prediction of rating level and rating accuracy. Our results indicate that the most lenient raters are more agreeable, less assertive, and less competent in performance management. These raters may also be less accurate. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

国际保险业增长水平的新比较

本文通过构建基准深度比这一新方法,对相关国家和经济集团的保险业增长水平进行重新评估和比较,并在此基础上讨论其政策启示。主要结论是:第一,我们需要对国际保险业增长格局有一个新的认识:发达市场的保险业相对增长水平较传统指标有所降低,发展中市场的保险业相对增长水平较传统指标有所提升;发达市场的保险业相对增长水平仍高于发展中市场,但新兴市场和金砖四国的增长态势十分强劲,并已达到较高水平。第二,保险公司的全球战略布局,一方面要继续巩固发达市场,另一方面要积极开拓发展中市场,同时需要特别注意新兴市场和金砖四国的保险业相对增长已经达到较高水平,未来增长潜力虽仍然很大,但将主要依靠经济增长的常规拉动,保险业增长模式将发生很大变化。第三,发展中国家保险产业政策的重点不应是强调量上的增长,而应是强调增长方式的调整和提升,以便为未来长远阶段的保险业持续增长奠定坚实的基础。第四,传统分析范式存在局限,亟需构建更加完善的保险业国际比较的新范式,以使国际保险监管合作和相关国际贸易谈判具备一个更加合理的对话基础。     

我国农村居民消费制约因素及破解途经——基于山东省的实证研究

本文利用农户调查数据及山东省统计数据,主要从收支角度分析了农村消费问题,发现收入水平低、支出负担重、收支预期不确定等因素是制约农村居民消费的主要原因,因此促进农民增收、拓宽就业渠道、增强消费信心、提高城镇化率是刺激农村消费市场的有效措施。     

服务质量对品牌形象产生影响的实证分析——以中国人寿保险股份有限公司为例

本文把验证保险公司的服务质量的标准归纳为有形展示、服务可靠、服务响应、服务保证及人本服务五个方面,通过实证分析的方法检验了这五个方面测量内容的可信度,并利用从客户问卷调查结果得到的数据进行统计分析,证明这五个方面反映出的服务质量与公司品牌形象有正相关性,其中服务可靠对于寿险企业品牌形象影响最大,其他依次为服务响应、人本服务、服务保证和有形展示。     

数字经济对实体经济的影响机制

通过构建数字经济测度指标,运用固定效应模型研究数字经济对实体经济的影响机制。结果表明：数字经济对实体经济存在非线性作用,呈现倒“U”形;在数字经济背景下创新水平和人力资本水平对实体经济存在非线性作用,呈现“U”形,而居民消费水平正向显著促进实体经济发展。通过调节效应模型进一步研究发现,在数字经济对实体经济影响中,创新水平和居民消费水平存在负向的调节作用,而人力资本水平存在正向的调节作用。