保险合同解释方法研究

保险合同是保险人致力于合同订立和履行上的一致性,为自己易于计算、节约成本而创造出来的格式化合同。该合同使得保险人对其所承担的风险、责任、险种等等一目了然,有其存在的必要性。但是,导致了当事人双方谈判地位不平等,个别交涉成本过高,契约正义被隐藏等问题。因此,司法裁判成为声张契约正义以及维护当事人合法权益的迂回模式之一。然而,在审理案件中,对合同的进一步阐释、对双方当事人真实意思表示的探求以及对合同争议焦点的解决,都起着至关重要的作用。这就涉及到如何适用多种解释方式对该合同进行解释。     

非公有制林业发展中的产权问题浅析——非公有制林业发展研究之三

产权问题是我国林业发展的核心问题,我国的非公有制林业目前在林地和林木的产权上还受到一些限制,从而导致非公有制林业经营主体本应享有的山林产权变得不完整,并由此引发了其他一系列问题。为此,必须改革林木的限额采伐制度和收购及运输管理制度,建立和完善山林产权流转制度,以期消除山林产权受限问题,从而促进我国非公有制林业的健康发展。     

论双边税收协定中合伙人来自合伙企业所得的定性与课税

在适用双边税收协定时,因各国给与合伙企业的税收待遇不同,从而导致对合伙企业及其合伙人所得定性的冲突,产生双重征税或不征税。因此,当合伙企业在坐落国被视为纳税实体,而在合伙人居住国被视为纳税虚体时,应从税收协定出发考察合伙关系,并结合缔约国有关国内规定对利润、分红及特别报酬的定性予以分析,以避免上述问题。     

The business case of a network that serves both public safety and commercial subscribers

Deploying a single nationwide broadband wireless network to serve all public safety users would have great advantages over the existing fragmented public safety systems. A nationwide system could be created to serve both public safety and commercial subscribers, which would allow a provider to exploit important economies but force it to meet the more costly requirements of public safety. This paper analyzes the viability of a public-private partnership that serves public safety and commercial subscribers from a for-profit provider's perspective. A model is presented that estimates the net present value (NPV) of a wireless network by calculating costs based on the number of cell sites required and revenue based on the projected number of subscribers acquired. The model is applied to both a network that serves only commercial subscribers on 10 MHz of 700 MHz spectrum and a public-private partnership that serves commercial subscribers and public safety personnel on 20 MHz of 700 MHz spectrum. It is found that NPV is greater for the public-private partnership than for the commercial-only network for any population density, which shows that the value of 10 MHz of spectrum exceeds the cost of meeting public safety requirements. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates that NPV/cell increases with population density, so urban areas are profitable and rural areas are unprofitable. The paper demonstrates that a partnership covering 94% of the US population breaks even because the most urban 56% of population subsidizes coverage for the next 38%. If initial deployment is subsidized, a financially sustainable public-private partnership can serve much more than 94%. Additionally, it is shown that allowing urban municipalities to opt-out of the partnership can significantly increase the subsidies required.     

供应链合作利益协调问题研究

公平、公正、合理的利润分配方案不仅有利于维护供应链的稳定,还可以刺激企业更加努力融入供应链中,提高供应链的竞争力。但是目前对于供应链利润分配过程的研究,多局限于契约机制或者博弈论方面。从供应链合作利益分配角度出发,利用供应链管理、博弈论和委托代理机制理论,建立起了契约机制和转移支付相结合的二次利益分配机制,使得整个供应链合作利益分配既满足效率的要求,又能符合公平的原则。     

Empirical Analysis on Practice of Venture Investment in China

Organizational policy innovation in venture investment is an important measure to prompt making venture capital. This paper begins with introducing limited partnership, corporation and trust funds which are organizations suitable for venture investment, and then combines detailed case at home to analyze, reflect the develooment situation of venture investment in China.     

Analysis on the Management of Suppliers＇ Purchasing Partnership

This paper is about the study of purchasing cooperation with the supplier. It is through expanding some courses including demand analysis, choosing supplier, founding cooperation relationship formally and strengthening the cooperation, as well as several key questions, such as sourcing strategy, to estimate and select the supplier, authentication management, and purchase of technology.     

有限责任公司股权的性质

关于有限责任公司股权性质的认定,法学界历来存在较大分歧,形成了几种有代表性的学说,但都存在明显的缺陷。从股东财产与公司财产相互分离、股东人格与公司人格彼此独立的角度分析,股权应为一种独立的财产权,且具有集合性。     

对南北战争前美国股份制经济的历史考察

在美国，从国家独立到走向繁荣的进程中，股份经济起着十分重要的作用。其股份经济最早产生于17世纪初，它从英国移植而来，为美国提供了现成的企业组织形式。18世纪中后期，一些州政府对有限责任的许可，推动了美国股份经济的初步发展，19世纪30年代到南北战争前发生的以铁路建设大发展为标志的交通运输业革命，导致了美国历史上股份经济发展的第一个高潮，它为南北战争后美国经济迈入世界工业化强国奠定了基础。     

Instrumental variable estimation based on grouped data

The paper considers the estimation of the coefficients of a single equation in the presence of dummy intruments. We derive pseudo ML and GMM estimators based on moment restrictions induced either by the structural form or by the reduced form of the model. The performance of the estimators is evaluated for the non-Gaussian case. We allow for heteroscedasticity. The asymptotic distributions are based on parameter sequences where the number of instruments increases at the same rate as the sample size. Relaxing the usual Gaussian assumption is shown to affect the normal asymptotic distributions. As a result also recently suggested new specification tests for the validity of instruments depend on Gaussianity. Monte Carlo simulations confirm the accuracy of the asymptotic approach.