Extendible stock loan

In this paper, the model of extendible stock loan with forbearance is proposed. The loan is extendible, so as to prevent immediate losses or to prevent subsequent price drop; while the forbearance is granted only when the pledged share’s value is above threshold, so as to mitigate the risk-taking behavior induced by the extension. The non-synchronization of the liquidation of insolvent stock loans also alleviates the downward leverage spiral in a market downturn. Numerical analysis shows that fair extendible stock loan rates increase with the forbearance level as well as extension period, and loan rates are quite sensitive to the change of asset volatility and debt ratio. For lenders waiving the interest rates during extension period, their burden grows with extension rapidly when they grant looser forbearance and when asset volatility or loan-to-value is higher. Some suggestions are made accordingly. First, lenders offering uniform extendible loan rate can let borrowers choose between looser forbearance with shorter extension, or tighter forbearance with longer extension. Second, if the loan rate is priced fairly, lower margin requirement can only be accomplished with tighter forbearance. More looser forbearance worth higher rates.     

Exploring the mismatch between credit ratings and loss-given-default: A credit risk approach

It is commonly observed that high grade loans with better ratings are often associated with low recoveries if they default (i.e. with relatively high loss-given-default (LGD)). To address the mismatch problem, this paper proposes a credit risk approach by minimizing LGD for higher rated loans as a risk-rating matching standard in the sense that the decreasing LGD from creditors’ perspective is associated with higher credit rating for the borrower. This standard forces customers’ credit rating of each grade to be optimally determined in correspondence to its LGD, which means the LGD of high grade loans tends to be low. The approach is then tested using three credit datasets from China, i.e. credit data from 2044 farmers, 2157 small private businesses and 3111 SMEs. The empirical results show that the proposed approach indeed guides the way to solve the mismatch phenomenon between credit ratings and LGDs in the existing credit rating literature. By optimally determining credit ratings, the findings derived from this paper help provide a valuable reference for bankers, and bond investors to manage their credit risk.     

探析校园贷之现金贷的问题与对策

近年来,校园贷主要类型——现金贷发展迅速,无抵押、放款快、借款方式灵活吸引了众多借贷者,而高额利息和普遍周转续贷(利滚利)的做法让借贷者背负了沉重的债务负担,发生不良贷款后个别平台所采取的非法、暴力催债导致恶性事件屡屡发生。因此,十分有必要对我国校园贷——现金贷存在的风险及问题进行分析,提出对现金贷的管控对策,加强对大学生、年轻人的金融消费教育和普惠金融教育,帮助他们树立正确的消费理念,做好人生的理财规划,规避现金贷风险。     

发展个人住房抵押贷款证券化浅析

住房抵押贷款占用银行资金期限长、利率风险大,房价与居民收入比差悬殊,居民还贷能力差,因而降低 了金融资产质量。发展个人住房抵押贷款证券化既能优化商业银行的经营管理,健康资本市场发展,又能刺激住房 的有效需求。     

应用期权方法构建商业银行贷款利率模型

以分析公司普通股所具有的看涨期权特性为出发点，以Black—Scholes看涨期权定价模型为基础，根据不同企业资本结构和资产回报风险的差别，构造了一个商业银行基本贷款利率模型。从期权角度来设计贷款利率模型，除考虑了企业的经营风险因责外，还同时考虑了企业融资结构所带来的财务风险，能更加全面地反映出商业银行贷款的保障程度。     

国有商业银行调整贷款结构势在必行

调整和优化国有商业银行业务结构，是实现发展战略和集约化经营的重要途径，是使有限的资源得到最佳配置、取得最有效健康发展的重要手段。提高优质信贷资产的比重，促进资产多元化，提高国有商业银行的核心竞争力。     

流动性危机:入世后我国商业银行面临的最大冲击

加入WTO以后,我国银行业受到的冲击将是多方面的,其中以国有商业银行受到的冲击为最。本文从分析目前我国四大国有商业银行的不良资产的规模过大,比例太高的状况出发,认为在外资银行的冲击下,如果我国银行开放措施稍有不当,将对我国商业银行流动性产生最大冲击,造成商业银行的支付困难,有可能引发金融危机。最后认为减少冲击,化解危机的关键应从化解不良资产入手,并提出具体的对策建议。     

我国商业银行仓单质押贷款管理风险控制对策

国家对物流产业非常重视．商业银行仓单质押贷款在国内发展也面临新的机遇．虽然商业银行仓单质押贷款面临管理风险、市场风险、法律风险、道德风险等诸多风险,但是由于仓单以及商业银行仓单质押贷款操作的特殊性,以及仓单质押贷款对商业银行、贷款企业、仓储企业的重要意义．站在商业银行的角度,选取和商业银行仓单质押贷款管理相关联的风险防范措施作为主要研究对象,旨在以特定角度解释商业银行仓单质押贷款风险控制对策的金融实质。     

Incorporating sustainability criteria into credit risk management

Does a commercial debtor's economic, environmental and social performance in terms of sustainability affect its credit risk rating? Does adding criteria aimed at assessing a lender's environmental, social or sustainability practices provide added value to traditional financial rating criteria? Many analyses have reported that a correlation exists between companies' environmental and their financial performance. We checked out the assertion that it ‘pays to be sustainable’ by analyzing the role that criteria pertaining to sustainability and environmental orientation play in the commercial credit risk management process. Our results show that sustainability criteria can be used to predict the financial performance of a debtor and improve the predictive validity of the credit rating process. We conclude that the sustainability a firm demonstrates influences its creditworthiness as part of its financial performance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

对我国商业银行个人住房贷款风险及防范的思考

本文通过对我国商业银行个人住房贷款的借款人违约行为进行实证分析,揭示出个人住房贷款存在的风险,并就如何建立标准化、集约化操作模式,防范借款人理性违约风险以及房产资产的证券化三个方面提出化解风险的措施。